Conditions in Somalia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conditions in Somalia - Essay Example The Civil War (1988 – 1992). The central government was dissolved and clans fought for control of the country. When it was clear that the international relief effort was fuelling the fighting that had caused the famine in the first place, the international community considered armed intervention as a solution.Since 1992 the U.S. and other nations withdrew their troops in 1994 and the last United Nations forces were withdrawn in 1995. The inhabitants of Somalia suffered from famine, so United Nations supplied food and humanitarian aid. After the interference of UN Organization, a new government was formed in Somalia. The main duty of the historian is to note the essential events, at the same time, the goal of a politician is to make conclusions which would be relevant in the modern politics. >From the political point of view, Somalia remains a fragmented country both politically and administratively. Despite continuing stabilization in the Northwest Zone of Somaliland and limit ed but encouraging progress in the Northeast Zone of Puntland, humanitarian personnel has faced varied and complex challenges. In the Central and Southern Zone, in particular, insecurity prevailed, and great care was taken throughout the year to safeguard the lives of staff. The pastoral clan-families constitute about 85 per cent of the population.The remaining southern clan-families are associated with mixed pastoralism and farming, and their identity is linked more to the villages in which they live than to the clans to which they belong.

Comparision between a dolls house and a glass menegarie Essay Example for Free

Comparision between a dolls house and a glass menegarie Essay Nora Helmer in â€Å"A Doll’s House† and Amanda Wingfield in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, are both iconic figures that play an important role in their respective plays. These characters are similar as well as different in comparison. Both Nora and Amanda are seen as a very good mother. They also are not in touch with the reality. The difference between Nora and Amanda is that Nora wanted the freedom from her husband, whereas on the other hand, Amanda felt helpless after she lost her husband. Another difference between Amanda and Nora is that Amanda does not really think about herself that much, whereas, Nora is very obsessed with herself. It is seen that Nora and Amanda are both, loving mothers. In â€Å"A Doll’s House†, this is seen when Nora plays with her kids and talks in a child like manner with them. It is also seen when she think about the future and then says, â€Å"No, it’s quite impossible†. She says this after Krogstad had left, and after she had a conversation with Anne-Marie. Amanda is seen as a good and a loving mother when she thinks about the future for her daughter Laura. She tells Tom to find a good gentlemen for her, and tries to make a better future for them. Amanda has faith that some gentleman might come for Laura, which shows the confidence she has in her daughter. Amanda as well as Nora lives in a world where they are not really in touch with reality. For Amanda, when situations become bad, she recalls the days of her youth when she lived at Blue Mountain and had seventeen gentlemen callers in one Sunday afternoon. Indeed, this story has been told so often that it is no longer an illusion and instead has become a reality. She likewise indulges in playful games so as to escape the drudgery of everyday living. She tells Laura, You be the lady this time and Ill be the darky. She refuses to acknowledge that Laura is crippled and instead refers to her as having only a slight physical defect. She refuses to accept the fact that Tom is quite different from her and that he, like his father, will someday leave in search of adventures. This is seen when Tom views his life with his family and at the warehouse as a kind of coffin—cramped, suffocating, and morbid—in which he is unfairly confined. And finally, Amanda lives perpetually in the world of the gentlemen callers who will appear any day for Laura. In â€Å"A Doll’s House†, Nora thought that everything will work out the way she has planned. Nora lives in a very unrealistic world, where she behaves like a doll, and does all the unrealistic things. This is seen when she does not take her life seriously, like forging a signature, which in turn could lead to a lot of problems. In â€Å"A Doll’s House†, in the end, we see that Nora leaves behind her house, her husband as well as her children, whom she loved a lot. This means that she is very selfish and only thinks about herself. According to Nora, she will be who she is if she leaves Torvald. She thinks that being with him, she is a completely different person, from reality. This is seen at the end, when Torvald gets to know the truth Whereas, on the other hand, it is completely opposite in â€Å"A Glass Menagerie† with Amanda. After she lost her husband, she felt completely helpless and did not know how to figure things out. In â€Å"A Doll’s House†, Nora is seen very self-obsessed, whereas, on the other hand, in â€Å"A Glass Menagerie†, Amanda does not really care about herself, and is seen more concerned about her children, and about their future. Nora considers herself like the most prettiest women and keeps on obsessing about herself and thinks about her own future the most. This is also seen when both, Nora and Amanda think that they have some lovers or gentlemen. The only difference between the both of them is that Nora knew that she did not have any lover, and she just dreamt of having one. Whereas, Amanda thought there were gentlemen for her, even though, in real, there weren’t any. Thus, in both these plays, â€Å"A Doll’s House†, and â€Å"A Glass Menagerie†, Nora and Amanda have similarities as well as differences. This similarity between both of them is that both of them care about their kids, and both of them are not in touch with reality. And the difference between them is that Nora finds freedom after leaving her husband, whereas, on the other hand, Amanda kind of feels handicapped after she lost her husband. Another difference seen between Amanda and Nora is that Nora is very self-obsessed, whereas Amanda is not.

Essay --

Sanjiv Prabhunandan English 10 H/3rd Period Democracy vs. Absolutist Rule The esteemed neurologist Sigmond Freud once said that â€Å"civilization began the first time an angry person cast a word instead of a stone†. Though these words ring true, they are often interpreted differently by those in power, and it is they who ultimately shape what kind of society will take shape during the times of formation. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding, Ralph and Jack’s contrasting personalities are displayed in their leadership styles. Ralph, the more passive and reasonable of the two, adopts a democratic style of leadership while the latter adopts a more ruthless and absolutist one. While the democratic rule is more sensible and fair approach to take, the lack of any authority brings out the savage nature of the boys and Jack’s monarchy becomes not only the favored leadership style of the group but also the most effective. The crux of democratic thinking is the idea that everybody’s thoughts are equally valued and that everybody has an equal responsibility for the actions that take place. This is a concept that was developed by the greatest thinking minds of the day and was promoted by Classical philosophers and thinkers who dreamed of a utopian society of equality and freedom for all. In fact, Pericles writes that â€Å"we are called a democracy, for the administration of justice is in the hands of many and not of the few†. But power comes with responsibility, and for a democracy to be successful, the concept has to be wholeheartedly accepted by its citizens. And often times, that means that citizens have to give up some of their individual in order to reap the benefit that â€Å"The Fascist Decalogue† states that â€Å"the nation serves even as a senti... ...or worse, Jack followed the same steps that great absolutist leaders (Napoleon Bonaparte, Louis XIV, Joseph Stalin) in history have used: he swayed public opinion to his side, deposed of the current leadership, and used propaganda and other methods to make the public think that he is a god-like presence. The fact that all this happens naturally instead of it being forced like Ralph proves that the absolutist form of ruling is the best option for the island. In a perfect world, giving the greatest power to the common man makes the most sense, but often times, situations arise where one person must take control and declare himself leader. Discerning which type of government is best for certain an environment is up for the people to decide. Though force and oppression can temporarily suppress the voice of the people, ultimately they get to choose who stays and goes.

Outsourcing and on-Demand Computing

Outsourcing and on-demand computing are two of the fastest emerging business tactics in the industry today. In outsourcing, businesses contract out certain services to an outside provider or manufacturer, often overseas. On-demand computing is similar to outsourcing only here businesses contract out their computing resources, such as computation and storage, rather than an actual business services. The computing is tracked as a metered service, similar to physical public utility such as electricity, water, natural gas, or telephone network. In either case, some piece of the company is broken off and run by an outside source. Organizations can outsource any aspect of their information system, including hardware maintenance and management, software development, database systems, networks and telecommunications, Internet and intranet operations, hiring and staffing, and the development of procedures and rules regarding the information system† (Stair, 348). For the most part, outsourcing and on-demand computing have had a positive financial impact on US businesses. They are able to â€Å"reduce costs, obtain state-of-the art technology, eliminate staffing and personnel problems, and increase technological flexibility† (Stair, 348). However, from a consumer standpoint, there has been much controversy over these tactics. For example, many believe that by outsourcing services to foreign companies for cheaper rates, businesses are damaging the local labor markets. Often times there are language barriers making communication difficult between consumers and foreign workers conducting companies’ services. Staff â€Å"turnover is higher under an outsourcer and key company skills may be lost with retention outside of the control of the company† (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Outsourcing). Qualifications of outsourced staff are often well under those of actual business employees and because they haven’t been trained under the original company, they also often lack company knowledge and fail to realize the business’s values. All of these factors can be very frustrating for a consumer trying to conduct unfinished business with a company whom they have already finalized a purchase with. I speak from experience when I say this as well. I purchased a laptop computer from Dell in December of 2006 and was sent a defective mouse. I have YET to be issued a correctly working, adaptable piece of equipment and have spent hours  on the phone with their ‘customer service’ representatives who are based in India and barely speak English. The connections are horrible, we can’t understand each other, I have never spoken with the same representative, and have been told something different every time I have called. Because of this experience alone, I will never again purchase anything from Dell and have started asking companies if their services are outsourced before making purchases from them. So in discussing the impact outsourcing and on-demand computing are having on the economy, I think the effects are positive for the businesses up front, but I think if this trend continues, organizations may start to lose clients who, like myself, have become extremely frustrated in dealing with outsourced services. On the flip side of that, if the trend continues and more companies get on board with these tactics, this may be the way of business in the future. I certainly hope not though!

Packaging for Saffola Rice

Contents * Introduction and Background * Research Objectives * Variables * Type of Study * Sampling * Hypotheses * Research Design * Assumptions * Delimitations Background Packaging is a very important marketing strategy to glamorize your product in order to attract the consumer’s attention. Sometimes packaging is so important that it cost more than the product itself in order to lure the consumers to buy it. Most consumers judge a product by its packaging before buying. So it is logical to say attractive packaging is crucial in order to get the first time buyers to buy your products. There are many elements involved in the success of a product and packaging is one of the key drivers of purchase. This report is to understand the role of packaging in the success of the product, it is important to know the key elements in packaging which are working or not working for the consumer. The various forms of packaging types that are available to us are Tetra pack, Plastic bags, Tins , Paper bags, Plastic bottles, Tubes, Soft pouches, Nozzle bottles, Gunny bags, Paper boxes. In the case of Rice purchase it is observed that packaging is seen important however not critical. Most consumers were buying branded rice in 20 kg jute bags and were driven more by price vs. packaging. ) Research Objectives To evaluate the new packaging for Saffola rice. Basic studies have reflected on the need for a new packaging. Once the packaging is confirmed at the outset, it is imperative to notify the credibility the packaging lends to the rice inside and to understand the drivers of these impr essions. Also it gives an opportunity to capture cues for improvement. Variables Dependent :Purchase Preference, * Independent : Overall packaging * Intervening: Introduction of a new packaging concept by competitor, change in requirement/ need. * Control : Income group, Gender, Occupation Type of Study * Process – Exploratory * Type of data – Qualitative * Content – Empirical * Period – One time study * Setting – Field Sample The Sample should be people who have bought a product or who are thinking of buying a product. They should be buyers and not specifiers. They may be multiple purchasers. During the course of our research when the probable sample was listed there was a temptation to say – â€Å"yes, all of these† but considering that the greater the scope of the project the more it will cost and the longer it will take we decided to stick to a sample size of 50. Our Target profile a. Females -SEC A, B b. Must be a primary cook in the house i. Must cook at least one meal on weekdays and weekends c. Decision maker in purchase of household items d. Regular buyers, decision makers and consumers of rice. The segmentation was based on Working Women and Housewives who were aged between 24 to 45 years.

Scott Berkun on Writers’ Laziness

Scott Berkun on Writers’ Laziness Scott Berkun on Writers’ Laziness Hard work is one of the many things that authors and startups have in common. We know we should expect it, and always think ourselves ready to embrace it, but the truth is that we’re constantly looking for a shortcut. With countless get-rich-quick schemes, myths, or even documented success-stories out there, it is easy to lose oneself in the dream and never really pursue it.To break free of the dream, we’ve invited one of the most famous myth-busters out there to share his thoughts with us. Scott Berkun is a bestselling author of 6 books and renowned speaker on creativity and innovation. Scott has a simple message for authors, which we all need to hear: â€Å"stop being lazy†.You spend a lot of time myth-busting. What is the No. 1 myth you come across to do with writing? Why do you think this myth is perpetuated? Everyone believes there’s a way around the work. People are genuinely mystified when they describe a hard part of it, hoping for a cure, and I te ll them, yes, I feel the same thing, the difference is I keep going. You can’t run a marathon without running many miles first. There are tricks here and there but they only help if you do the work, the tricks don’t eliminate the work.We’re all prone to dreams and that’s a good thing if we don’t confuse them with reality. Sadly many of us do. Myths about life will always be popular because people confuse dreams with reality, that having a dream is enough. There is no dream of writing a novel or changing the world that comes about without sacrifices. Many people use dreams just as something to talk about and never something they really want to do.You answer a lot of questions from new writers. Which are the most common things these writers get stuck on? What are the causes of these problems?Laziness. It usually comes down to laziness, which sounds mean but it’s totally true. I’m not that famous and even if I were, there are far easier places to get coaching on writing from than an author. It’s an old field you know, with plenty of courses, books and coaches waiting to be used. Generally it’s the dreaming thing again. People who are serious will ask serious questions. Instead of â€Å"How do I start?†, which is answered by opening a word processor and typing, they ask â€Å"I’ve written a draft and want to make it easy for friends to critique it. Suggestions?† It’s a very different question that starts by explaining the asker has already put some sweat in.You first self-published back in 2011 - light-years away in the self-publishing world - what are the most exciting developments you are looking at right now in this space?It gets better every year. Even now the quality is so good most people can’t tell the difference, especially for digital books. I see many boutique publishes cropping up that are challenging the old models, and treating authors differently, which is fun to see.You recently wrote that many publishers are â€Å"stuck in an antiquated notion of their value†. In five years time, what do you think will the core value of a publisher? The core value remains the same - sell great books to people and help authors make great books. I just hope they’ll take more advantage of modern tools and ideas in what they do. They’re still catching up to social media, still catching up to how to use Facebook, still catching up to blogging. There’s a new generation of editors that are rising in influence and as they do publishers will change with them. What you folks are doing at Reedsy, and other shops like Booktrope, it is fascinating to watch - unlike big publishers you have no legacy to hold you back and can dive in with fresh ideas on how it’s all supposed to work.But many publishers are asleep at how the romance of getting published has changed. The technological advantage is almost entirely gone, or worse, is a liability because they’re stuck on ideas from the 1980s. Anyone can publish a book today and if they are talented they can publish good books faster and cheaper than a publisher can. Every publishing exec should, on their own, self-publish a book and compare with what their company does. They’ll see how easy it is to replicate what publishers do with freelancers. Many still haven’t done this simple exercise and there’s no excuse for it.There is a romantic notion that marketing shouldn’t be a writer’s job. Is there a place for introvert writers in today’s landscape - those who don’t necessarily like to engage with their audience and cultivate their fan base?The romantic notion is mostly an invention as writers and artists throughout history largely had to hustle to survive, or they wrote for reasons other than fame (a notion often unheard of today). Being an introvert doesn’t mean you can’t cultivate a fan bas e. Social media, blogs and mailing lists makes it easy for someone who writes to use writing as their primary way to interact. It doesn’t have to be personal, but if you want more fans you have to give them something to be fans about. If you don’t want to engage your own audience how can you expect to create or maintain one? You’d either need to be wealthy enough to pay someone to do if for you, or incredibly lucky to find a following without it.Follow Scott and Reedsy on Twitter: @berkun and @ReedsyHQDo you agree that struggling authors’ main problem is laziness? What do you do to keep writing and engaging with your audience?

Representation of Women in Media essays

Representation of Women in Media essays Advertising is the foundation and economic livelihood of the mass media. The main purpose of the media is to deliver the public to advertisers, just as the primary purpose of television is to deliver an audience for commercials. The main purpose of advertisements is to sell products, though in many cases they are selling much more than that. Jean Kilbourne, filmmaker of Killing Us Softly emphasizes that ads sell images, values, concepts of love and sexuality and most importantly, normalcy. For women, the message that the media sends through advertisements is that the most important aspect is their appearance (Kilbourne, 2010). The representation of women in advertisements is extremely influential as mass media conveys a harmful message and image of the ideal woman. In countless ads, women are sexualized, objectified and abused. This can have an impact on the well being of many women, especially at an early age. In countless ads, women are sexualized as a means of marketing products. An example of this is when women appear half naked in ads that are irrelevant to the product that the campaign is trying to sell. In an ad for Buffalo David Bitton jeans, a woman is positioned laying on her back with her hands down her open jeans, stimulating masturbation (Tallim, 2003, p.3). This is a prime example of how many companies use sexually orientated images to advertise a product. Also, in films, television shows and popular culture, sex is increasingly pervasive and mainstream. The use of women in music videos is another illustration of females being sexualized whereby the producers focus on women dancing half naked. There was much speculation in the male rapper Cornell Nelly Haynes music video Tip drill that displayed women dancing in bikinis in a provocative manner (Dlewisterp, 2011). In one instance, the camera focuses on a womans buttocks where a male simply swipes a credit card i...

News and Houses

News and Houses News and Houses News and Houses By Maeve Maddox Lately I’ve noticed that several announcers on NPR (National Public Radio)both national and local announcershave taken to pronouncing the word news as [noos]. U.S. and British speakers usually differ in the way they pronounce the vowel in news. Most U.S. speakers say [nooz]. British pronunciation is [nyooz]. The pronunciation [noos] is a new one on me. Long before I heard [noos], I began to notice a shift in the way some U.S. speakers pronounce the words house and houses, pronouncing the [z] of the plural as [s]. I first noticed it in the speech of Chicago speakers, but now I hear it in the national media. House is pronounced differently according to whether it is a noun or a verb. â€Å"Let’s paint the house pink.† (noun) Used as a noun, house is pronounced [hous]. The plural of house is houses [hou-ziz]. â€Å"Relief services must house all the homeless storm survivors.† (verb) As a verb, house is pronounced [houz]. House has an -ing form that can be used as either a noun or a verb: â€Å"Local hotels are providing temporary housing for the survivors.† (verbal noun) â€Å"FEMA is housing the survivors in mobile homes.† (present participle) The pronunciation of housing is [hou-zing] Several rules govern the pronunciation of the letter s in English. I’ll mention only the ones that apply to news and houses. houses If the last consonant sound of the word is a sibilant sound like [s] or [z]), the final sound is pronounced like an extra syllable: [houz-iz] news If the last letter of the word ends in a vowel sound (e.g. bees, flies), the s is pronounced [z]. Don’t let the consonant letter w in news fool you. English has many more vowel sounds than it has vowel letters. The w in news belongs to the vowel digraph ew, the vowel sound heard in news. Such handy rules for the pronunciation of s at the end of words do not exist for s in a medial position. Those you must learn on a word-by-word basis. When in doubt, consult a dictionary. Interesting side note: One of the announcers on my local NPR station pronounces noon as [njun] instead of [noon]. She says that a program is on â€Å"from 11 a.m. to [njun].† I’m waiting for another announcer to do it. I think this kind of thing may be catching. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsDouble Possessive

The Impact of Internships on Graduate Employability Essay

The Impact of Internships on Graduate Employability - Essay Example Thereby, employers will be able to employ people who are qualified and knowledgeable. However, some employers mistreat interns. Some organizations may not set aside budget for internship programs. By not having this program, employers are not able to teach potential employees on the competencies and skills the company wants. Introduction Internship is the period of time when students are attached to organizations where they are supervised to gain firsthand experience to the professions that they are studying. This normally comes after they have been taught about the profession in class before they are allowed to participate as interns in different organizations. While working as interns, the students are evaluated by supervisors and a report on the students’ performance is sent to their school after completion of the internship. The report combined with the course work contributes to the final score for the students (Sweitzer and King 2009). Students can either get internships through applying for the position in organizations or their college might partner with organizations in order for them to offer internship programs to their students. Internships normally vary depending on the organizations policy. Many organizations pay students who are interns in their organization. On the other hand, some organizations don’t pay interns, but rather they have incentives such as transport or lunch to motivate them. Internship period also varies on how students and the organization agree to work together. However, being an intern in a certain organization does not automatically qualify the student to get a job in the organization. However, depending on the students’ hard work, they can be considered should any vacancy arise in the organization. Students can attend internships locally or internationally so long as it is in relation to the profession that they are undertaking. In some cases, students may decide to take internship programs while they are on vacation to increase their experience on the profession (Sweitzer and King 2009). Most companies normally hire interns to equip them with the necessary skills required to perform the profession that they have specialized in. Companies also hire interns to minimize the costs required to finish some tasks. This is because companies know that when they hire interns certain tasks will be able to be accomplished with minimum expenses or with no expense at all. It is upon an individual to work hard during the internship period to acquire a range of skills and knowledge. This paper will critically analyze both the positive as well as the negative impacts of internships on graduate employability. Positive impacts of internships Internships help students to acquire knowledge. Through internships, participants get to interact with professions who guide them on how to go about the profession. During class lessons on professions that students undertake, the teaching is mostly theoretical. B ut once students are working as interns, they get to learn the practical bit of the profession thereby gaining knowledge from the different professionals they engage with. This also makes the student to gain professional knowledge on the profession that they are studying (Hergert 2009).   Internships provide students with an insight on what is required of them in order to become successful in the field.

Hardware and Software Standardisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hardware and Software Standardisation - Essay Example From a recent survey done by Symantec involving 500 global companies, it was observed that nearly 50% of those companies "still struggle to manage complex infrastructure built on different hardware and software from different vendors". (Courtney) Upgrading and troubleshooting can be much easier with a standardised set of hardware. Configuring and installing patch upgrades to software also becomes simpler, easing the burden on network administrators. In a heterogeneous environment (i.e. one with many different hardware and software platforms) different expertise will be required for configuration and administration, thus increasing the complexity of administration. Cost reductions are possible due to bulk purchasing. Hardware can be purchased at discounts when buying in multiple units. Software licensing costs can be reduced by applying for volume licensing. Instead of getting per-seat licenses, companies can negotiate for flat licensing schemes which do not depend on the number of seats. (Schweitzer) End user training becomes much simpler with a standard set of software. The support staff finds it easy to troubleshoot queries from end users resulting in minimum disruption for work. Moving within divisions and branches will be without the pain of learning a new set of applications every time an employee changes location. Quick troubleshooting turnar... Installation of licensed software eliminates most problems caused by defective pirated software, lack of documentation and technical support. (Why a License Matters). These benefits indirectly increase the stability of the network. However, standardization is not without its drawbacks. Single vendor lock-in, vulnerability to buyouts of vendors and inability to support varied needs and platforms of certain staff such as designing and publishing staffs are the possible drawbacks. (Schweitzer) The last drawback of not being able to support varied requirements of end users can be reduced to a certain extent by having multiple load images. A load image (or a boot image) is a type of disk file which typically "includes the operating system, utilities and diagnostics, as well as boot and data recovery information" (Boot image). Different boot images can be bundled together with specific application requirements of different user groups. As such, maintaining multiple load images as apposed to a single image can be advantageous. (III) Licensing As noted earlier, software standardisation helps companies to manage their software licensing. The benefits are two fold; cost reductions and ease of administration and liaison. As a result, organisations can fulfill their ethical obligations by abstaining from software piracy and can also guard against severe penalties enforced by stringent piracy laws. Abiding to software piracy laws and proper licensing of all software applications helps a company to become a member of the Federation Against Software Theft (FAST), a professional body formed to combat software piracy. FAST is very strict about its members adhering to the code of conduct put forward by them. Members get a range of benefits including education,

Deaf Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deaf Reflection - Coursework Example I feel that the teachers ought to protect the deaf students. This is because they better understood the deaf student than any other person did. There was no register for the deaf in the country, therefore; the authorities would not have accounted for any deaf student missing (Biesold 143). I feel disappointed with some Nazi educationalist. I believe that educationalist can understand the right of every child and the importance of education. I get disappointed when some Nazi educationalist questioned the education of the deaf, terming it as wasteful, instead of enlightening the officials to promote the deaf education. Doctors terminated pregnancies to prevent the birth of deaf children (Biesold 144). It is beyond anyone’s control not to give birth to a deaf child. Doctors ought to understand this fact more than anyone else does. I feel horrified to learn that doctors risked the lives of the mother and their unborn child by performing an abortion of six months! The doctors were not sure that the unborn child is deaf. This practice was unfair and uncalled for, bringing pain and misery n the lives of the expecting mothers and their families (Biesold 145). Many deaf couples do not have children. This has made their lives unbearable and lonely. The horrific and sinister turns of events of 1939 were unbearable. Nazi authority killed deaf persons (Biesold 145). The authority referred to them as ‘useless eaters’. I feel that the government instead of referring to any person as, ‘useless’ they should at least show concern because it is not for their wish to be born in that condition. A government should protect her citizen and Nazi government should have stood to their initial policy of protecting and providing for their citizen (Biesold 146).

What effects does parental involvement have on low income families or Annotated Bibliography

What effects does parental involvement have on low income families or Does parental involement have an effect on educational achievement - Annotated Bibliography Example including economic demographics, genetic predispositions, overall intelligence, and social factors, like parental involvement. The latter is a fascinating element. A parent’s active involvement in their children’s schooling can have a profound positive impact. There is however, a balance that needs to be achieved; after all too much parental involvement can be detrimental, depending on how that involvement is applied. The articles reviewed for this discussion allow for a thorough and balanced perspective on the topic. These sources, as a whole, were not particularly difficult to obtain. Google search provided a number of online accessible journal sources, simply, by applying the keywords, â€Å"parental involvement and student achievement.† Combined together these sources give a broader area of research and contributes to understanding of the relevant facts and allow for an unbiased viewpoint to answer the applicable questions of this issue. This article intended to determine how relevant parental involvement, or lack of, truly has on elementary school age children in the 1st, 3rd and 5th grades. The authors propose that, although, the immense amount of research has shown that parental involvement is imperative, hugely impactful, and should be encouraged, most research cannot say with absolutely certainty that involvement effects overall academic achievement.(El Nokali, Bachman & Votruba-Drzal, 2010) There is a definite correlation between less â€Å"bad† classroom behavior due to parental involvement and can aid in social development, but not directly on academic achievement. This article is a very interesting source. It is useful in that it approaches the correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement with a skeptical eye. Parental involvement is important and should be recommended, but it may not be a guarantor that it will ensure a

Field Sales Experience Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Field Sales Experience Paper - Assignment Example This is more effective in terms of numbers than by making physical contact since, a phone call takes a sort time and the salesperson does not have to move from place to place. The effectiveness of making sales calls is that it breaks the communication barrier between the salesperson and the client and offers background information on the product and the company, making the follow-ups easier since the client is already knowledgeable. Once the client shows their interest of the product, the salesperson does a follow up on the client, to ensure that the client’s questions have been dealt with, and the client has been convinced to acquire the product. In this situation, the customer will purchase an insurance package from AECI. The AECI offers insurance services for car owners all over the United States. These services are to cushion the car owner from losses in cases of accidents, theft and other events that are unpreventable and may cause the car owner inconveniences. The insurance company offers two packages of car insurance: The Standard Car Insurance and The Prestige Car Insurance Package. In the Standard Car Insurance, the client will benefit from services covered in this package. The services include a 24-hour helpline to assist in times of accidents, motor theft and fixes cars that may encounter problems due to miss fuelling. In the premium service, the company offers breakdown services, roadside rescue and house calls. A car is also extended, to the holders of this cover to avoid inconvenience while the car is being repaired. The other services accessible in this package are included services in the standard package. The salesperson in this case was making the first contact with potential customers to talk to them about the services offered by the insurance company and packages that are available. This was done in order to attract new customers to purchase this service. The first contact is usually the most

What effects does parental involvement have on low income families or Annotated Bibliography

What effects does parental involvement have on low income families or Does parental involement have an effect on educational achievement - Annotated Bibliography Example including economic demographics, genetic predispositions, overall intelligence, and social factors, like parental involvement. The latter is a fascinating element. A parent’s active involvement in their children’s schooling can have a profound positive impact. There is however, a balance that needs to be achieved; after all too much parental involvement can be detrimental, depending on how that involvement is applied. The articles reviewed for this discussion allow for a thorough and balanced perspective on the topic. These sources, as a whole, were not particularly difficult to obtain. Google search provided a number of online accessible journal sources, simply, by applying the keywords, â€Å"parental involvement and student achievement.† Combined together these sources give a broader area of research and contributes to understanding of the relevant facts and allow for an unbiased viewpoint to answer the applicable questions of this issue. This article intended to determine how relevant parental involvement, or lack of, truly has on elementary school age children in the 1st, 3rd and 5th grades. The authors propose that, although, the immense amount of research has shown that parental involvement is imperative, hugely impactful, and should be encouraged, most research cannot say with absolutely certainty that involvement effects overall academic achievement.(El Nokali, Bachman & Votruba-Drzal, 2010) There is a definite correlation between less â€Å"bad† classroom behavior due to parental involvement and can aid in social development, but not directly on academic achievement. This article is a very interesting source. It is useful in that it approaches the correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement with a skeptical eye. Parental involvement is important and should be recommended, but it may not be a guarantor that it will ensure a

Human resource development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Human resource development - Essay Example The training program should include: The program for the advisor should focus on the improvement of resources provision, conveyance of realities and supply of organizational information to the employees. The training and development program for the advisor should include: Consultant works like a referral agent whose training and development program should focus on assisting employees with their goals through networking with resources and people. Therefore, the plan should include training for: The reason for the evaluation is to document and determine the degree to which the stated objectives have been achieved by the training. In the evaluation process, analysis of the efficiency, effectiveness, appropriateness and the adequacy of the training are carried out. There are four levels of evaluation, impact evaluation, transfer evaluation, learning level and the reaction level. Through the evaluation, we can improve the training programs defined initially. Effective training and evaluation cannot be separated from one another. Evaluation should be carried out by a Quality Inspector who should evaluate the entire training program in a top-down approach. The training program should be evaluated to check whether the training program is effective, whether the resources being provided for the training program are sufficient or not and whether the program itself is training the members as needed. The evaluation should be carried out twice a year for the analysis of the regular training programs and annually after the annual training program has been completed at the end through feedback and control. Evaluation is necessary to ensure that the program delivers maximum incentives to everyone involved (ONeill, Albin, Storey, Horner, & Sprague, 2014). The evaluation should be carried out twice a year for the analysis of the regular training programs and annually after the annual training program has been completed at the end through feedback

Correlational results Essay Example for Free

Correlational results Essay The correlation results show that patronage of Body Shop products because of their being environment friendly is significantly correlated with their being a socially responsible company. This means that patronage of Body Shop products increases as well with positive perceptions of their company as being socially responsible. Moreover, such patronage is also positively and significantly correlated with their expressed support for companies that espouse care for the environment. None of the statements were significantly related to overall satisfaction of Body Shop products, which suggests that there are other determinants of satisfaction apart from espousing environment friendliness and corporate social responsibility. Clearly, based on Schaper’s (2005) nomenclature, Body Shop is a green-green company which deliberately has an environmental vision. He asserts that a true double green company does not exist because it is what experts call the perfect model of what an environmental company should be. He also has cited Body Shop as an epitome of this category, which ecocopreneur Anita Roddick has deliberatly pushed towards a strong environmental thrust. She did not merely intend to make profits but also wanted to have environmentalism as a core value. Moreover, she was successful at reinventing the cosmetics industry into something that conveyed honesty, altruism and environmental stewardship, in stark contrast with its cheating nature (Schaper 2005). Thus, everything about the company espoused this core value. Clearly, the growth of the company was a consequence of Anita Roddick’s social vision. Moreover, there has been a rising trend of consumers who look for merchandise and services that work toward saving the planet and its resources, which has made Body Shop extremely popular and successful (Schaper 2005). To this day, the company continues to espouse the same values. In fact, changes in store at the end of August Customers will showcase the same values that reflect its socially responsible nature, including its environmental, human rights, anti-animal cruelty and community-trade credentials. These are thrusts which they have been pursuing for the past three decades and they intend to influence patrons to be crusaders of the same noble goals. With the death of their founder Anita Roddick, they intend to pursue the same goals of avoidance of testing on animals, utilization of recycled plastic bottles and encouragement of community trade to in developing countries, buying plant-based oils, essences and other ingredients from communities in developing countries (Mah 2008). While the company remains to be competitive, they have to struggle to compete against numerous competitors who just go along with the green bandwagon in the cosmetics industry. They compete with retailers like Lush, Bath Body Works and even companies like bleach-maker Clorox who green washed its image by merging with Burts Bees toiletries company (Mah 2008). The results show that Body Shop has met all its patrons’ expectations except for competitive price of the product; trendiness or fashion sense represented by the product; and the sales promotions used for the product. Moreover, it has been found that patronage of the products of Body Shop is significantly correlated with their being a socially responsible company. This means that patronage of Body Shop products increases as well with positive perceptions of their company as being socially responsible. In addition, such patronage is also positively and significantly correlated with their expressed support for companies that espouse care for the environment. However,   none of the statements were associated with overall satisfaction of Body Shop products, which suggests that there are other determinants of satisfaction aside from being an environmentally friendly and socially responsible company. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations 5. 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction This chapter shall present succintly the conclusions which have been garnered from the current research. Following this are some recommendations for the company and for future research. 5. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion. The following are the conclusions yielded from the present study: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Body Shop has exceeded patrons expectations on the following factors which affect cosmetic buying choice: quality of the products, the customer service of the store personnel; the variety of product offerings in the store; the convenience of going to the store location; attractiveness of the packaging; the degree to which the product espouses â€Å"natural† rather than artificial; the values espoused by the company who sells the product. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Body Shop has matched patrons’ expectations on the following factors which affect cosmetic buying choice: brand; the degree to which the product is environment friendly; and positive feedback garnered from significant others. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Body Shop, on the contrary, did not meet patrons expectations on the following factors that affect patrons’ cosmetic buying choice:   competitive price of the product; trendiness or fashion sense represented by the product; and the sales promotions used for the product. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The correlation results show that patronage of Body Shop products because of their being environment friendly is significantly correlated with their being a socially responsible company. In addition, such patronage is also positively and significantly correlated with their expressed support for companies that espouse care for the environment. None of the statements were significantly related to overall satisfaction of Body Shop products. 5. 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recommendations. The following recommendations are put forth from the results of the present study: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Body Shop should continue to leverage on its exceptional image, both as a corporation and as an employer. Its brand of being an environmentally conscious and socially responsible company is indeed very strong even after the death of its founder. This is a facet that it must carefully preserve for increased competitiveness. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company should look into the factors that have not met the expectations of its patrons, namely price, trendiness, and promotions. It must continuously look for innovative ways of making patrons see the value of paying a premium for natural products, especially now that consumers are becoming increasingly cost conscious. The respondents are very young, and thus are always in pursuit of something novel –this is something that Body Shop must be keen about. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Future researchers may use more complex research designs to ascertain the other correlates of satisfaction with cosmetic products. They may integrate more variables for study, using analysis of variance, factor analysis, or path analytic approaches for a more profound understanding of the topic. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The same study may be replicated in other settings, to determine if culture has some influence on choice of cosmetic products. References As An Employer (2008) [Online] Available at http://www. loreal. com/_en/_ww/disability/our-company/as-an-employer. aspx [Accessed 10 August 2008] Avoncosmeticsnug (2007) A Brief History of Cosmetics [Online] Available at http://avoncosmeticsnug. wordpress. com/2007/12/31/a-brief-history-of-cosmetics/ [Accessed 7 August 2008] Booth, R. (2006) Activists call Body Shop Boycott. [Online] Available at: http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2006/mar/17/retail.animalrights [Accessed 14 August 2008] Bowens J. , Kotler P. , Makens J. (2008) Consumer Markets and Consumer Buying Behavior, Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ Boyd, L. (2008) Brief History of Beauty and Hygiene Products [Online] Available at http://library. duke. edu/digitalcollections/adaccess/cosmetics. html [Accessed on 7 August 2008] Bryman, A. (1992) Reasearch Methods and Organisation Studies. London, Routledge. Bushman, B. J. (1993) Whats in a Name? The Moderating Role of Public Self Consciousness on the Relation Between Brand Label and Brand Preference. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 857-861. net/compass/compass_1996/reg/suzuki_noriko. htm [Accessed 14  August  2008] Tips. Net (n. d. ). Choosing the Right Cosmetics. [Online] Available at: http://beauty. tips. net/Pages/T0009_Choosing_the_Right_Cosmetics. html [Accessed 14 August 2008] VersantWorks (2008) Your Employer Brand [Online] Available at  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://explanation-guide. info/meaning/Employer-branding. html [Accessed on 10 August 2008] Webb-Campbell, S (2008). Thank You for Being a Friend The Body Shop. [Online] Available at http://www. thecoast. ca/Blog-3862. 113118-4126. 113118-p19579. 113118-Entry. html [Accessed 13 August 2008] Appendix A – Survey Questionnaire.

Therapeutic Hypothermia for Postnatal Refractory Hypoxemia

Therapeutic Hypothermia for Postnatal Refractory Hypoxemia THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA FOR POSTNATAL REFRACTORY HYPOXEMIA « A CASE REPORT IN A TERM NEONATE K. Sarafidis1, E. Diamanti1, V. Soubasi1, K. Mitsakis2, V. Orossou-Agakidou1, Bianca Popovici3, M. Moga3 Summary We describe a term neonate treated with whole-body hypothermia several days after birth to counteract refractory hypoxemia due to persistent pulmonary hypertension unresponsive to optimal treatment. This approach was selected to improve oxygenation and protect the brain from the consequences of hypoxemia. In our experience, hypothermia did not worsen pulmonary hypertension, although no beneficial effect on oxygenation was noted. Never ­theless, the favorable neurological outcome of die neonate provides some evidence for neuroprotection against refractory hypoxemia using hypothermia. Key words: persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate, neuroprotection, mechanical ventilation Rà ©sumà © Lhypothermie thà ©rapeutique pour lhypoxà ©mie rà ©fractaire post-natale: prà ©sentation dun cas dun nouveau-nà © à   terme Nous dà ©crivons un nouveau-nà © à   terme traità © par hypothermie du corps entier quelques jours aprà ¨s la naissance afin de neutraliser lhypoxà ©mie rà ©fractaire due à   lhypertension pulmonaire persistante qui ne rà ©pond pas à   un traitement optimal. Cette approche a à ©tà © choisie pour amà ©liorer loxygà ©nation et protà ©ger le cerveau contre les consà ©quences de lhypoxà ©mie. Dans notre expà ©rience, lhypo ­thermie na pas aggravà © lhypertension artà ©rielle pulmonaire, mais il na à ©tà © notà © aucun effet bà ©nà ©fique sur loxygà ©nation. Nà ©anmoins, là ©volution neurologique favorable du nouveau-nà © a fourni des preuves de neuroprotection contre lhypoxà ©mie rà ©fractaire à   laide de lhypothermie. Mots clefs: hypertension pulmonaire persistante, neuroprotection Introduction anagement of late preterm and term neonates with moderate-severe hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) following perinatal asphyxia is, hitherto, the only evidence-based application of hypothermia in neonatology as it reduces mortality without increasing major disability in survivors [1, 2]. Other situations such as perinatal arterial ischemic stroke, neonates with HIE beyond the therapeutic window of the first 6 hours after birth or less than 36 weeks gestation and those with unexpected postnatal collapse could potentially benefit from this neuroprotective treatment, but, at present, only few or no data is available [2, 3]. This case describes a term neonate treated with whole-body hypothermia several days after birth to counteract refractory hypoxemia and protect the brain from its consequences. Case report A female, 3.470 g newborn was transferred to our hospital at 10 hours of life for respiratory distress. The baby was bom at 39+4 weeks gestation after caesarian section due to mild fetal distress. Bag and mask ventilation were given at birth, and the 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores were 6 and 9, respectively. Conventional mechanical venti ­lation was started upon admission to our department while the lung X-ray was suggestive of transient tachypnea. Temporal improvement in oxygenation was noted following exogenous surfactant administration (Beractant, 100 mg/Kg/dose). Thereafter, oxygen requirements increased significantly, despite optimal ventilation (including high-frequency oscillatory ventilation) and supportive management (sedation-analgesia, inotropes). Following X-rays consis ­tently showed the absence of parenchymal lung disease. Car ­diac ultrasound confirmed the clinical diagnosis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN), but inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) at 20 ppm and other adjunctive therapies (oral sildenafil, bosentan) had no clinical effect. Repeat sepsis work-up was negative. Continuing, severe impairment in oxygenation prompted us to apply whole-body hypo ­thermia (Tecotherm Neo ®, target rectal temperature 33.5 ±0.5  °C)for 72 hours starting from day of life (DOL) 6, which was well tolerated. During hypothermia, the respira ­tory failure slightly improved, in the short term, as indicated by the reduction of alveolar-arterial difference of oxygen (fig. 1). Despite refractory hypoxemia, no clinical seizures were obsewed whereas there were no pathologic findings on head ultrasound scans and amplitude-integrated-EEG. Interestingly, the sleep-wake cycle was lost during cooling but normalized after the end of this treatment. From DOL 14 onwards, oxygenation started to improve (although still with variable) finally allowing weaning from the ventilator (DOL 20) (fig. 1). Brain imaging (ultrasound scan, magnetic resonance imaging) were normal at hospital discharge (DOL 36) as was later neurodevelopment (6 months). Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to report the use of whole-body hypothermia in neonates with refractory hypoxemia secondary to PPHN as adjunct to mechanical ventilation and as neuroprotection. PPHN is an important cause of neonatal respiratory failure associated with increased mortality and neurological impairments in survivors [4]. Hypothermia reduces oxygen consumption as well as C02 production [5]. Moreover, experimental animal data show that hypothermia may protect [6] or attenuate the ventilator-induce lung injury mitigating the pro-inflammatory response [7]. Improved gas exchange has also been reported in the latter investigations [7]. Similarly, there is evidence although limited from studies in critically ill adults suggesting an improvement in oxygenation [81 and ventila ­tion [91 with hypothermia. Therefore, this therapeutic technique could potentially be beneficial in our patient breaking the vicious circle of hypoxemia, PPHN and ventila ­tor-induced lung injury. On the other hand, aggravation of Figure 1 Supportive care and serial changes of alveolar-arterial difference of oxygen (AaD02, best and worse) during the first 3 weeks of life (B and C). Initial lung X-rays (A) and snapshot of the a-EEG recording before and during hypothermia (D) are also shown. hfov CMV: Conventional mechanical ventilation, DOL: Day of life, HFOV: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation, iNO: Inhaled nitric oxide PPHN was a possible clinical scenario, given the metabolic response to cold stress (increased catecholamines and pulmonary vascular resistance) [5]. In large randomized controlled trials of hypothermia in perinatal asphyxia, PPHN at randomization was considered as an exclusion criterion [21. It is our clinical observation that a slight and temporal improvement in alveolar-arterial difference of oxygen was indeed observed during hypothermia. However, this could be an oxygen extraction issue. At lower temperatures, oxyhemo globin dissociation curve is shifted to the left resulting in decreased oxygen release to the tissues which in turn have decreased oxygen demands [5]. Nevertheless, the fact that improved oxygenation was not sustained and, also, that coin ­cided with the application of high frequency ventilation does not allow us to support any significant effect of whole-body hypothermia per se on oxygenation. Yet, this trend towards improvement in oxygenation is in line with the most recent relevant meta-analysis, in which hypothermia was found not to increase the risk of PPHN, at least as indicated by the need for Ino [1]. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) could be an alternative treatment to PPHN [4], but no ECMO center was available. Conversely, this invasive intervention encompasses severe risks for the brain. Actually, for this very reason mild hypothermia was preventively attempted for 12 hours in a small cohort of neonates receiving ECMO. Unfortunately, neurodevelopment outcome was not assessed [10]. We applied therapeutic hypothermia as this is a promising means of neuroprotection in neonates. None the less, two facts merit comment in the present case: the lack of any clinical or other evidence of brain injury (normal head ultrasound scan, a-EEG) when cooling was decided and the application of hypothermia several days after birth. So far, hypothermia is only indicated as early as possible in neonates with evidence of HIE following an acute perinatal event, so as to limit the already activated molecular mecha ­nisms of neuronal damage and death [11]. It is impossible to know whether prolonged hypoxemia triggered such a cascade of events in our neonate. However, therapeutic hypothermia has also been tested in neonatal conditions, independent of neuroprotection. Advanced necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants is such an example, where mild hypothermia was applied as an alternative therapy to reduce intestinal injury and distal organ damage [12]. Specific biochemical biomark ers or more sophisticated techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance spectroscopy) could possibly have provided some indications as to the presence of cerebral injury secondary to refractory hypoxemia and the impact of hypothermia. Such techniques, however, are available for use at the bedside only in a few centers [13]. Additionally, our baby-girl was not part of a relevant study and, therefore, no investigations beyond those indicated in everyday clinical practice were performed. Nonetheless, its favorable neurological outcome is encouraging. Since we are not, however, able to know whether and to what extent hypothermia had any neuroprotective effect against hypoxemia related to respiratory failure, this approach needs to be evaluated in large trials.

Slavery Essay -- Slavery Essays

Slavery Slavery in America brought about a successful south but also proved to be one of the most terrible things done by humans to humans. Slavery became a way of life in early America. Eight out of the first twelve presidents owned slaves. People in the south benefited from slaves the most. Harvesting those huge cotton fields took many hands. That’s were the slaves became key to the success of the south. Slaves were predominately black Africans. Africans made up the majority but they were not the only ones. Native Americans and even English indentured servants made up the rest of the people put into slavery. There are two different kinds of slaves. There are slaves that stayed in the house and took care of the families, and there were the slaves that worked the land. Domestic slaves were usually women and children. Mean and young boys made up the farm hands. These men worked from sunrise to sundown. Working outside was by far the worst of the two. Some slaves didn’t fall under these to types there were slaves that served as guides, trappers, craft workers and nurses. Jobs that people do not relate slaves with. Slaves had different jobs depending on what of the country they were sent to. Slaves in the north generally worked in the mills and clearing forest. Slaves in the south worked the farms all year. Up north slaves only had to work the farms in the summer months because of the rigorous winters they went through. Domestic slaves stayed in the house picked up after the family, cooked and served meals, cleaned and kept up with the daily chores of the house. It was easier than w orking outside. Slaves were treated as property. Owners had the right to do whatever they wanted to them. They were property, not people. Owners would have the white farm hands stand in the fields and make sure the slaves were working as fast and hard as they could. If they weren’t working as hard as they could and a white farmhand saw it. The slaves would be beaten, and sometimes in severe cases killed. When the owner wasn’t around slaves could interact with each other. Families that came over on the boats were ripped apart at the auction blocks. They were thrown together not knowing each other and had to form some kind of structure to their personal lives. Younger men and women and children looked up the older men and women as parents. Slaves would be put in... ...hat captains could get their hands on. The owners of the ships had to keep the slaves in pretty good shape to get top dollar for them. The white deck hands would bring the slaves on deck and go through and exercise they called â€Å"dance.† The men were forced to jump until the shackles broke they skin on their ankles. The women and children who were not shackled could dance to a rhythm. Slaves enjoyed their exercise because it was the only time they were aloud to move around. If the slaves refused to dance they were beaten with whips. The whips were called â€Å"cat-o-nine-tails† they were made up of nine cords covered with tar; each cord had a knot at the end. When bad weather hit it became very rough for the slaves. The slaves were not aloud to come up on the deck. This is where disease and filth ran through the slaves. In conclusion, slavery although was a big part of the rise of this country. It was looking back, one of the most terrible things done by humans to other humans. Learning from our mistakes took a long time. The Civil War was the point in our history where everyone realized that you could not treat people like animals. That everyone is looked upon as equals.

Criminal Administrator’s Responsibilities

Administrative functions and responsibilities cover a wide spectrum of concerns relating to workers’ employee rights. Corollary, the basic rights of employees guaranteed by the constitution and other statutes underlie the duties and responsibilities of a criminal justice administrator. With regards to drug testing, the criminal justice administrator should establish guidelines clarifying purposes and procedures governing the testing for drugs and alcohol based on reasonableness of purpose and scope, or when there is a special need that outweighs the individual's privacy interest (The National Worksrights Institute). The administrator should therefore institute a written policy which identifies the specific positions subject to testing, the manner in which the testing will be administered, the right of an employee to refuse to be tested and the consequences of refusing, the disciplinary or other action which may result from a test, and the rights of a person with respect to retesting and appeal. Relating to privacy rights, the criminal justice administrator should see to it that clear guidelines are in place to respect an employee’s reasonable expectation of privacy in his desk, file cabinets, and office, and enforce procedures in making reasonable intrusions into those zones of privacy (O'Connor v. Ortega, 107 S. Ct. 1492, 1987). In this modern era of digital technology, the criminal justice administrator must establish policies and protocols including proper monitoring practices to respect the privacy rights of employees. You can read also King v Cogdon The administrator should ensure that mechanisms are in place to provide clear written notification of their right and intent to randomly monitor, read and intercept data from workplace computer networks and terminals (The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986). Additionally, the administrator must issue guidelines to ensure confidentiality of medical information and all medical data related to the employee’s health, diagnosis and treatment of illness or any information revealed during medical consultations (American with Disabilities Act of 1990). With regards to sexual harassment issues, the administrator must take all steps necessary to prevent sexual harassment from occurring, such as affirmatively raising the subject, expressing strong disapproval, developing appropriate sanctions, informing employees of their right to raise and how to raise the issue of harassment and developing methods to sensitize all concerned. As such, the administrator must implement an effective sexual harassment preventive program founded on an explicit policy against sexual harassment that is clearly and regularly communicated to employees and effectively implemented. The administrator should see to it that a procedure for resolving sexual harassment complaints and to encourage victims to file complaints is in place. Thus, the administrator should take immediate and appropriate corrective action by doing whatever is necessary to end the harassment, make the victim whole by restoring lost employment benefits or opportunities, and prevent the misconduct from recurring. (U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1990). Concerning disability issues, the criminal justice administrator should formulate policies and guidelines that shall not discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability because of the disability of such individual in regard to â€Å"job application procedures, the hiring, advancement, or discharge of employees, employee compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment†. (Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Section 102). As such, he must impose standards, criteria, or methods of administration or administrative control that respect the rights of persons with disabilities.

Indian boy Essay

The next characters to enter the play are the Mechanicals. The play is a romantic comedy. A lot of the play’s comedy comes from the Mechanicals. They are a group of actors that want to fulfil a dream. This dream is to write a play good enough to perform for the Duke, which would get them their pensions. The Mechanicals are a subplot to the play and take the action away from the chaos and gives the play a wider variety. The Mechanicals are all portrayed to be ambitious but most of all Bottom. His enthusiasm lightens up the mood of the play. For example, as the parts are being read out, Bottom is asked to play the part of Pyramus. He enthusiastically quizzes Peter Quince about the part. When the rest of the parts are being read out, Bottom continuously interrupts and requests that he plays other parts as well as Pyramus. On one occasion, Bottom pleads, ‘And I may hide my face, let me play Thisbe too’. He then starts acting out Thisbe’s part in a squeaky voice, which is quite humorous. Peter Quince appears to be a leader, as he takes the leading role of the Mechanicals. He also seems quite intelligent, as he has written a whole play. He is also directing it, showing his leadership qualities. The other Mechanical that stands to me, even though he says little, is Snug the joiner. This is because of his studying inequalities and his inability to realise that a lion does not speak. This is also quite humorous. The Hoffman version of the film shows slapstick humour at the very first sighting of Bottom. As Bottom is acting out one of the parts that he would like to play, a crowd gather around him. Whilst he acts, he has a huge grin on his face. As the crowd grows bigger he starts acting to his audience. Two drunken men on a balcony above Bottom tip red wine over Bottom. This provokes a laugh from the audience and wipes the grin off Bottom’s face. After reading the play, this does not appeal to me as Bottom, as he is not one to get upset over a practical joke. I think that the Noble version shows more slapstick comedy than the Hoffman version. The most noticeable event being the moment that Titania and Bottom share on Titania’s huge umbrella. Bottom makes noises of an ass and I found this very funny. I prefer the Bottom on the Noble version of the film, as he is louder and more active. He is what I would call a slapstick comedian. He has more character about him. On the Hoffman version, Bottom gets upset about a practical joke. I could not see this happening with the Bottom on the Noble version. Athens is a society that believes in law and order, which an Elizabethan audience would feel comfortable viewing. Law and order are mainly demonstrated in the first scene of the play, where Hermia is being told to respect her father’s wishes or face the consequences. Hermia’s father was willing to see his daughter die if she did not respect his wishes. This also demonstrates power, as Hermia’s father has the power to control her. In the Hoffman version, powerful clothing is also used to show who is the more powerful. The need for power in the fairy world causes trouble in the mortal world. What ever happens in the fairy world has a direct effect on the mortal world. For example, when Titania and Oberon are arguing over a small Indian boy, there are storms in the mortal world. Oberon demonstrates his need for power by requesting that he has the small Indian boy. He does not need the boy for anything but wants to take the boy from Titania to prove that he can and show that he is more powerful than her. The fairy world seems to be disordered in the way that Puck fails to carry out Oberon’s instructions correctly, as he put the love juice on Lysander’s eyes rather than Demetrius’. Also, disorder is shown by Oberon doing anything he can to get the Indian boy, not caring what harm he is causing. For example, Oberon is willing to make Titania fall in love with Bottom, with an ass’s head, in order to get the Indian boy. In the Noble version of the film, when Titania and Oberon are arguing, bubbles are transporting fairies around. The boy is blowing these bubbles into the toy theatre, which has reappeared in his dream. One of the bubbles shows a reflection of this boy dressed as an Indian. To me, this implies that in the boy’s life, his parents represented by Titania and Oberon, could be arguing over him. In this case Titania and Oberon are arguing over an Indian boy, which appears to be the boy whose dream it is. Shakespeare uses language to create the fairy world by describing nature’s beauty. Describing nature creates the feel of a world we do not know much about. Shakespeare uses phrases such as, ‘Swifter than the moon’s sphere’ and ‘To dew her orbs upon the green’. Orbs create the feeling of jewels, like jewels of a king or queen. Orbs also create the feeling of power, which is shown so much in the fairy world. Moonlight re-affirms the night and dreamy theme of the play. We only see the fairy world during times of darkness in the two film versions of the play. The orbs and green to me create little fairies sparkling like orbs in a green forest. Such description is important because in Elizabethan times, special effects and settings were unavailable. Shakespeare must concentrate on the power of the mind. He uses such descriptive words so that the audience can imagine the set, scenery and feeling of the play. Adrian Noble meets the challenge of creating another realm by implementing surreal situations. He starts off by using bubbles to carry fairies. He also uses light bulbs to create stars. Because this isn’t what we are used to seeing, it makes us feel like we have entered something different to our world.

Nonsense poem Essay

Jabberwocky is a nonsense poem authored by Lewis Carroll which is contained in his famous work Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There in 1871. As many literary scholars and critics argue, Jabberwocky is normally regarded to be one of the utmost â€Å"nonsense poems† worked out in the English language. But though it is termed as nonsense poem, it is employed in various schools to educate learners on the application of portmanteaux. The poem is comprised of various terminologies and expressions that do not really have equivalent meanings in the English language. The words used by Carroll’s throughout the poem are mainly combinations of different words which are fused into one expression or term. As Jabberwocky revolves on a legend of a fictional monster and how it is slain in the tale, it suggests a very imaginary and unreal story and events which complements the structure of the poem with nonsensical terms. According to literary scholars, the original purpose of the Jabberwocky and its structure is directed towards Carroll’s criticisms against pompous and â€Å"ignorant literary critics. † Nevertheless, after the publication of it, it became a subject for different literary interpretations and even used in schools for some literary discussions and appreciations. The Jabberwocky conveys every possible fictional characters and events which are harmonized by the inclusion of superfluous nonsense expressions and terminologies. But no matter how unconventional it may appear, the effect of Jabberwocky impacts the society form culture to education which makes it a very popular culture since its publication. The unintentional and unexpected outcome which the poem produces strengthens and proves the uncertainty and unpredictable character of a potential great literary work. Reference Carroll, L. & Stewart, J. (2003). Jabberwocky. Candlewick.

Write a America's deficit. Except Critical Thinking Deficit,The Essay

Write a America's deficit. Except Critical Thinking Deficit,The Imagination Deficit and Political Deficits(The Democracy Deficit) - Essay Example In this regard, America has developed significant critical thinking deficits. This entails the ability to envisage possible alternatives to the existing problems or solutions. This has led to more problems in managing/utilising the available resources when direly needed. Historically, America had great leaders who were both knowledgeable and fostered critical thinking. However, with time, these leaders created a political system that dampened a free thinking society, where in the long run, the voiceless members of the society were separated from the public sphere. In particular, the government was insulated from political scrutiny and the unrepresented groups did not find a chance to express their critical thoughts or grievances to the government. As much as the American government pushed for equality in one hand, critical thinking deficit kept haunting them in the other hand. For example, the religious tests for public office were banned in the constitution and separation of the church and the state was made formal in the First Amendment’s guarantee of religious freedom. This was a real form of critical thinking deficit of the members of the public – no one was allowed to think about this terrible move or provide a reasonable alternat ive. The people of America did not get a chance to exercise their critical thinking skills in the activities taking place in their very eyes. It is clear that minds that cannot see the truth behind forms of political deception cannot present prospective thoughts. For example, the 9/11 event left everyone murmuring, with critical thinking advances getting strategically destroyed in a bid to kill critical thinking and bury the truth behind the attack (Dower & Hein 4). This was, in addition to the dampening of the calls for formulating constructive and reasonable approaches to the problem. Finally, critical thinking deficit is evident when America went to war in Afghanistan.

Crime rate in Accra Ghana and its contributing factors Essay

Crime rate in Accra Ghana and its contributing factors - Essay Example The recent increase in horrendous crime in Accra present an issue of major concern demanding global attention because armed robberies, rapes, murders, and burglaries occur on daily basis now. The list of horrific atrocities committed by active criminals in Accra goes on and on and the societal structure is being deteriorated more and more, eventually. Both local citizens and expatriates are badly offended and affected by this phenomenal increase in crime rate, and no one can remain oblivious to this strengthening societal evil. The growing crime pattern largely depicts the devastated economic conditions that are prevalent in Accra. With the population of the Accra city recorded to be 4.5 million as of 2011, Accra represents the largest metropolitan assembly in Ghana. (Vanderpuije). Crime is a major challenge to the administrative team of Accra owing to the high density of population in the city. As the city of Accra is considered to be the hub of Ghana due to its massive population, this place has also become the hub of criminal activities as well. Urban growth has brought with itself the problems of low economic conditions, unemployment, lack of educational oppurtunities, and poor infrastructural state. (Adu-Mireku 153-168). The combination of giant population and poor economic state proves to be lethal for the suture potential of any place. This is because many facilities needed ferociously for the giant population are cancelled out by low economic state of a city. The case of Accra is just the same because more and more employment opportunities are demanded by the local citizens and in response to minimal employment opportunities, the youth promptly falls in the silken snare of crimes. Unemployment and lay-offs are terrifically common in Accra thus boosting the crime level. The present state in the capital is that the organized crime knows no boundaries and much of the crime is accentuated by poor socio-economic conditions. The incidence of burglary, which i s an ubiquitous crime, is highly distressing while the heads of the family are outside at the workplaces. The crime of car theft is so common in Accra that the police force has repeatedly issues warnings to the local citizens to have parts of their cars engraved in an order to make their cars more identifiable once stolen, which is highly common in Accra these days. This step has slightly reduced the rate of car theft because â€Å"the most up-to-date figures put car thefts in 2008 at 131 compared with 146 the previous year.† (Wanted in Africa). The demographic and gender makeup of any place is very necessary to scrutinize when discussing crime rate and its patterns. Age, race, gender, and marital status are the most important predictors for explaining crime trends, patterns, and its distribution in the society. According to (Ghana  Police  Headquarters, cited in Appiahene-Gyamfi 20), â€Å"Accra data showed a progressive concentration of crime among young males aged bet ween eighteenand  thirty-six  years.† Most of the criminals caught by the police force are single and appear to have little or no educational knowledge. They also do not have any employment records owing to their minimal education. Age differences are also highly related to the type of criminal activities performed. Car thefts and robbery incidents are more common among the younger age group in Accra and operating burglaries involving residential places of expatriates is more common among the middle age group. A study conducted between 2004 and 2005 by (Adjei et al. 594) reveals that the most

Selective Abortion Of Female Fetuses In India Creating Gender Essay

Selective Abortion Of Female Fetuses In India Creating Gender Imbalance Crisis - Essay Example Indian activists estimate that as many as 8 million unborn females were aborted over the past decade due to pressurization of mothers to produce only boys. Amendments in the present law seek to make families equally liable for selective abortion of female fetuses since they go to clinics performing sex-selection tests initiating the process of sex selection and female feticide. Although the overall abortion rate in India is lower than that seen in many other countries, selective abortion of girls is higher and on the rise since girls die at twice the rate of boys before they reach the age of five. In some Indian families, girls are seen as economic burdens for the family whereas boys can become earners and care for their parents when they become elderly. The high abortion rate of female fetuses has rendered a dramatic gender imbalance in India. A woman is blamed for producing a female child since she's not keeping the family name. She then faces desertion, discrimination and violence . If the mother go for abortion, she will too be threatened by her family and husband hence difficulties by the Indian government of whom to criminalize for the abortion. The fundamentals of female empowerment will be absolutely tampered with. Gender imbalance as a result of the abortions of female fetuses is also a menace in China. In India, there are 7.1 million fewer girls than boys up to the age of six while in China; boys are also more than girls by 32 million under the age of 20. This gender imbalance will lead to millions of men unable to get wives especially the poor. Indian government must therefore increase the value of women and girls in society in order to reduce selective abortion as stated by Dr. Raj. Selective abortion of female fetuses in India dates to the tradition of male preference. ... Male preference often focuses on economics whereby girls are viewed as economic burdens for their families whereas boys can become earners and provide for their respective families. Traditionally, boys are a source of protection and care to their parents when they become elderly whereas girls will care for the families of those they marry. A girl is often viewed as a financial burden in some Indian families because when a girl is married off, the families of the groom demand a dowry payment which is illegal in India but still widely practiced (Seguino 1228). As a result, this take of girl child in India has led to creation of gender imbalance due to selective abortion of female fetuses. According to reports of the Daily Telegraph newspaper of Britain, Indian activists estimate that as many as 8 million unborn females were aborted over the past decade due to the pressurization of mothers to produce only boys. A mother is therefore blamed for producing a female child and faces desertio n, discrimination and even violence to some extent for punishing the family. Census reports in India also show that over the 50 year period from 1961 to 2011, the number of girls born per 1000 boys dropped from 976 to 914 creating a dramatic gender imbalance (Seguino 1221-2). Since Indian men already outnumber women by almost 10 million, there is demand to abolish abortions which occur every day as stated by Uttar Pradesh. Indian government and authorities have launched the fight against selective abortion of female fetuses. Entire families who pressure their female relatives into aborting female fetuses may be imprisoned together with the medical professionals who perform ultrasound tests to determine a

Marketing Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Research Report - Essay Example ustomer is influenced by large portions of meals, being served by competent employees, the quality of food served, atmosphere in the hotel, the prices of the foods and drinks and the level of satisfaction. According to Wooldridge, J. (2006), customers are in need of varying needs for their money. To him, a customer is motivated to visit a business venture for services and goods by the prices in offer. Prices determine the buying willingness of a customer. For any organization to be able make tangible sales, one of the factors to consider while designing a product or a service is the price. Many people are willing to pay at medium price other lower or higher prices. Although according to him further, higher priced products and services are thought to be of high quality although not always. To Richmond, H (2008), the level of customer satisfaction determines whether he/she will be willing to come again. A customer is always pulled to seek for services in a restaurant or any business venture if satisfied by the services/products offered. If not satisfied, coming again is a problem. To him, each and every business venture always struggles to satisfy their customers since it is from them that, profits accrue. To retain customers and to get new ones depends on the ways they are treated. This ranges from the services they are offered, their quality price among many other considerations. However, according to Mailu, S (2004), the level of employee competence says a lot in terms of the work ethics. Generally, a competent employee is likely to be aware of all the ethics involved in the job. To him, customer highly value goods and services offered by competent employees as they confidence in them. To him further, employees are the ladder through which an organization can prosper. Quality of the service offered on the other hand has a lot to say. Gary, R (2007) argues that, the quality of a produce is the key to successful entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur should always

Accounting writing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting writing assignment - Essay Example Another merger completed in 1985 saw the name change to Chevron. From 2002 to 2007 Chevron invested an estimated $72 billion to bring improved energy supplies to market. The company adopted name Chevron Corporation in 2005, and later acquired Unocal Corp. (Chevron) enhancing its position as the World’s leader in energy provision. Chevron has over the years demonstrated expertise in deep-water oil exploration. Sales and additional operating revenues decreased from 2012’s $230590 million to $220156 million. Net income profits declined by 18.2% in 2013 from 2012’s $ 26,179 million to $21,423 million. Their dividends per share were $3.90 million, and each share attracted a $1 return. Total assets rose to $253753 million in 2013 from 2012’s $232982 million, followed by a subsequent rise in total liabilities from $95150 million to $103326 million. Chevron’s total stockholders’ equity rose in 2013 to $ 149113 from 2012’s $ 136524 million (Chevron). The Board of Directors of Chevron comprises of an Audit Committee who are not under employment with the firm. This committee has regular meeting with the Management and auditors, both internal and external auditors to ensure conformity with the internal controls and the International Financial Reporting matters. Chevron’s operations have been affected by the altering economic, regulatory and Political environments in the various geographical areas of operations. Some governments have from time to time tried to renegotiate terms of contracts which has led to significant additional costs to the company. Management keenly follows developments in the money markets, the global economic trends and their impact on the enterprise’s fluctuations in oil and Natural gases. In the last quarter of 2011, a development well in the Frade field off the coast of Brazil caused an unforeseen pressure spike resulting in a migration

Explain how the Bible shows god as a creator Essay Example for Free

Explain how the Bible shows god as a creator Essay In the bible God is described as the creator of everything. This is accepted without being questioned rather than being a matter of discussion. The nature of God as creator is most clearly seen in passages from genesis and Psalms. God is described as the creator meaning he designed and produced everything. According to Christian tradition, God caused the Universe to exist, he is responsible for the Universe coming into existence and existing at every moment. God is also responsible for everything that will ever exist in the Universe. To understand why exactly God is considered as the creator of everything it is helpful to look at the concepts of good being omnipotence, omnipresent and omniscience. Omnipotence literally means that God is all powerful. No one is and will ever be more powerful than he is. Within this lies the idea that nothing logically possible is beyond the power of God. Even though miracles happened in the Bible it does not mean that God can make the impossible happen like square circles. But it simply says that God is responsible for the way the universe works. Omnipresent is very easy to understand, it simply means that God is everywhere, and by implication in every moment. Finally, omniscience is the idea that God is all-knowing. There is nothing that happens in the universe physically, mentally or spiritually that God does not know. As he is just everywhere, Christians also say they have a relationship with God because he is always with them. They can trust and rely on him. Sometimes god is even seen as a craftsman. In the bible you will not find a guidance of how God created the world and on what exact date, but you will find an account of the way God is intimately involved in the making of all the living and non-living things of which the universe consists. How God made the world himself. The Bible also talks about the spirit of God how it moved through darkness before the earth existed. The Spirit of God is also translated as the breath of God and the moving as brooding. This gives the idea of good breathing life itself into our world and like a parent he was brooding over that life. He all did it himself, with love and passion he was involved in creating the universe. Like a parent God watched over us, wanted exactly us to be in this world and to be born. Exactly the way we are. It seems like he formed us, like a potter. We are crafted by God. Isabel Odenwà ¤lder ‘God is responsible for everything that happens in the universe’ The extent to which God is responsible for what happens in the universe is determined by the limitations of our belief in Gods omnipotence and omniscience. Defined, God’s omnipotence describes his limitless power; a concept which incorporates the belief that God has the power to control what is happening, God is responsible for everything that happens in the universe. His omniscience refers to his unlimited knowledge. God knows everything. You could argue that God is responsible for everything that happens in the universe because his omnipotence and omniscience is shown all through the bible. God created the univers because he wanted it to happen, he is omnipotent. But this also leads to a contradiction. If you accept that God knows everything, that he is responsible for everything that happens in the universe and that he loves us and we are having a relationship with him, then why would he allow so many terrible things to happen in the world? As example in the creation story when god created the world and the human kind. God created the paradise, the world for us, gave us fruitful earth and wild animals. He created something beautiful. And it all happened after his will, he decided how trees would look like and how strawberries would taste. He gave Eve and Adam the best conditions for a good life. But Adam and Eve were not satisfied with what they had after a while. They wanted more. So eventually they ate an apple from the tree which they were not allowed to eat from. As soon as they did so, the paradise was not how it used to be. This part in the bible says that God gave us the world under best conditions everything was great but sometimes we make mistakes and wrong decisions, we act wrong. Sometimes humans are too selfish and greedy. The problem of most natural disasters is not the disaster itself but the fact that there is not enough help and money on site. But we could change that, we are responsible too for what is happening. We can always make a change! If we would life like God wants us to, we would not have any starving children in Africa or any other problems like that. God is not responsible for our very own actions. He is like a parent ‘brooding us’ he gave our mind with which we can think and act. The rest is up to us. In my opinion God is responsible  for the existing of our earth he is the reason why we live. If we need support and someone to talk to we can rely on him. But God gave us our minds to think, to make our own decisions. God have us our lives but he does not life them. We do.

Human Trafficking Human Smuggling

Human Trafficking Human Smuggling Nearly all countries in the world face the challenge of human trafficking and human smuggling whether as a country of transit, origin or destinations for the victims (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). Human trafficking and human smuggling have become a global problem of recent. The investigative agencies within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) approximated that 600000 to 800000 people are trafficked and smuggled annually across the international borders (Department of State, 2006). Additionally; the estimation shows that a significant number of people are trafficked and smuggled within the boundaries of their country. The United States is the final destination country for the trafficked, according to the US Department of State (Department of State, 2006). There are various reasons why people carry out human trafficking and human smuggling. Some of the reasons include labor and sexual exploitation among others (Tena, 2010). Most of the victims are enticed with false promises from their homes and instead enforced into activities such as prostitution, forced labor and domestic servitude to name but a few (Jac- Kucharski, 2012). Additionally, politicians have become part and parcel in the discussion of such activities as a result of the nature of the phenomenon (Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 2013). The non-profit organization and government agencies have had the responsibility to deal with the victims of such actions. Due to the similarities between the two crimes, both have been confused by the public. What are the differences between human trafficking and human smuggling? What are the measures taken by DHS to stop or mitigate both crimes? Differences between human trafficking and human smuggling Human trafficking and human smuggling are different activities in the United States, and these terms cannot be interchanged. Human trafficking is a grave human rights violation and a serious crime that revolves around exploitation of people. Human trafficking can be defined as sex trafficking in the sense that commercial sex activities are forcefully induced, coercion, fraud or rather a state in which the victims who are forcibly persuaded in such acts are below 18-years old (Jakobsson Kotsadam, 2013). Additionally, it can be defined as harboring, recruiting, transporting, providing or obtaining an individual for hard labor activities forcefully, or through fraud or coercion for objection to involuntary slavery, debt bondage or peonage (Tripp Mcmahon, 2016). On the other hand, human smuggling revolves around the transportation of people and can be defined as the act of importing individuals into a country through careful avoidance of immigration laws (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). Such activities include importing illegal aliens into the country and harboring unlawful aliens illegally in the country. Moreover, in some situations, smuggling may involve rape, murder or assault either sexually of physically (Department of State, 2006). Measures established by the Department of Homeland Security to stop or mitigate both crimes The investigative agencies in the Department of Homeland Security in the United States which are responsible for curbing human smuggling and human trafficking include the Customs Enforcement (ICE) and U.S. Immigration (Tena, 2010). The ICE cooperates within its law implementation partners in fighting the global infrastructure that is involved in human trafficking and smuggling (ICE, 2013). The ICE achieves this mission by using its experts and authorities, disrobing away profit incentives and assets, cooperating with foreign partners and the United States for the purpose of attacking worldwide network as well as working with global non-governmental organizations for the identification, rescuing and providing assistance to the smuggling victims. The ICE agency has embarked on the determined strategy in fighting human smuggling and trafficking. For instance, the ICE is pursuing investigations which are intelligence-driven for the purpose of targeting large-scale human smuggling organizations irrespective of their location of operations (ICE, 2013). There is specifically located emphasis on the smuggling rings that helps in posing the risk of the national security, threaten lives and engage in violence, extortion, hostage-taking, and abuse. Additionally, there is proper coordination between the ICE and partners at U.S. Customs and Border Protection for the purpose of ensuring hostile investigations and prosecution of the smuggling cases along the country borders. Moreover, the ICE is targeting all the links that are associated with smuggling activities past the direct smugglers (ICE, 2014). Precisely, the ICE aims at targeting the foreign organizers and recruiters, the fake document dealers and transportation, and employment networks who gain from the alien smuggling in the United States. Besides, the ICE aims at pursuing the legislation to raise the penalties beside organized smugglers and offer further criminal offenses to ensure enhancement of discoursing spotters who help criminals in smuggling aliens and contraband (ICE, 2014). The ICE discovered that for successful investigations and prosecuting traffickers, the victims must be steady and free from intimidation and fear to be real witnesses (Tena, 2010). There is equality in the placement of value on the identification and the salvage of victims and the traffickers prosecution. The ICE has many security duty victims or witnesss coordinators who cooperate with the NGOs for the purpose of providing victim services (Tripp Mcmahon, 2016). Moreover, the short-term immigration relief is given to the certified trafficking victims in continued presence status form. The ICE has developed practical initiatives that aim at criticizing the infrastructure that provides support to the smuggling organizations and the assets acquired from the criminal activities. Such activities include snatching vehicles, goods, currency and armaments among others (ICE, 2014). This initiative has played a significant role in fighting human trafficking and smuggling. The ICE has issued the Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act, which is one of the tools used in fighting human trafficking and smuggling, a notice to the owners of properties that have been recognized to be used in facilitating the human trafficking and smuggling aliens (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). This tool is very significant in the sense that various managers do not take into account the acceleration of criminal acts on their personal properties or the companys resources. The secretary of the Department of Homeland Security made an announcement about the proposals to the Customs Enforcement and immigration during the annual meeting. The annual meeting was held at the White House by the Presidents Interagency Task Force to Monitor and Combat Human Trafficking (ICE, 2013). Some of the proposals made included the extension of the period of the significant immigration description for the people who are not citizens of the United States. Additionally, they would give vital constancy as well as better support to the victims of human trafficking and smuggling as they carry out further investigations of the traffickers. This is part of the victim-centered approach of the department in fighting against human trafficking. In 2010, The Department Homeland Security came up with the Blue Campaign to act as the voice of the unified Department in fighting human trafficking and smuggling (DHS, n.d). The Blue Campaign came up with a resolution that there be human trafficking awareness training in cooperated into the major training courses at the institutions such as the Federal Law Enforcing Training Centers (DHS, n.d). This could be substantial because a greater percentage of federal law enforcement agencies who participate in Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) acquire skills and tools that help in curbing the human trafficking and smuggling and respond accordingly (DHS, n.d). On a daily basis, the employees of the DHS search for the pointers and causes of human trafficking during their line of duty. Also, the employees of the ICE carry out investigations on human trafficking cases as well as providing support to the victims through the victim awareness programs (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). Besides, the employees in the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agency cooperate with the airline workers to curb human trafficking through the use of the Blue Lightning Initiative (CBP, n.d). Additionally, the airline personnel together with the support of the agencies make sure that products and properties acquired through forced labor from foreign countries do not find their way in the United States supply chain. The citizenship and the Immigration agencies perform their duty of ensuring that the qualified victims of trafficking who are not citizens of the United States have accessibility to needed immigration qualifications for the trafficking victims (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). Moreover, the Blue Campaign ensures there is the empowerment of communities for the purpose of curbing human trafficking and smuggling through the formation of partnerships, coming up with public awareness, creation, and dissemination of resources and free tool which are used countrywide in curbing human trafficking and smuggling (DHS, n.d). In conclusion, human trafficking, and human smuggling is a global issue which calls for every country to participate in the fighting process. The countries should come up with more measures that can be used to do away with human trafficking and smuggling completely. For that reason, different agencies and tools should be put in place worldwide to be used in fighting human trafficking and smuggling. References Jac-Kucharski, A. (2012). The Determinants of Human Trafficking: A US Case Study. International Migration, 50(6), 150-165. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2012.00777.x Jakobsson, N., Kotsadam, A. (2013). The law and economics of international sex slavery: Prostitution laws and trafficking for sexual exploitation. European Journal of Law and Economics, 35(1), 87-107. doi:10.1007/s10657-011-9232-0 United States Customs Border Protection Agency, (n.d). Blue Lightning Initiative. Retrieved January 24, 2017, from https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/human-trafficking/blue-lightning United States Department of Homeland Security. (n.d.). Blue Campaign. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from https://www.dhs.gov/blue-campaign United States Department of State, (2006). Factsheet: Distinctions between human smuggling and human trafficking. Retrieved December 16, 2016, from http://www.state.gov/m/ds/hstcenter/90434.htm United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement, (2013). Human trafficking and smuggling. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from https://www.ice.gov/factsheets/human-trafficking United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement, (2014). ERO Annual Report: FY 2013 ICE immigration removals. Retrieved January 23, 2017, from https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/2013-ice-immigration-removals.pdf Tena, M. (2010, September 30). Modern day slavery in the U.S.-Mexican territory: Human trafficking at the border. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from http://catcher.sandiego.edu/items/peacestudies/Border_Brief_FINAL_BW_oct4_10.pdf Tripp, T. M., Mcmahon-howard, J. (2016). Perception vs. reality: The relationship between organized crime and human trafficking in metropolitan Atlanta. American Journal of Criminal Justice: AJCJ, 41(4), 732-764. doi:10.1007/s12103-015-9315-5