Operation management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operation management - Assignment ExampleThe New Zealand channel Services has first established a data where they have the locations of all the parentage donors and therefore whenever neckcloth is needed, the donors are contacted immediately. The donors list is in addition regularly updated and this means that they only have the blood donors who are allowed to donate blood. After the process of identification and donation, comes the close fine part which is donation of blood. Blood donation is critical and the goods involved which is blood is normally a precious and urgent commodity hence they source for the most available and fastest means that will allow the blood recipient get their blood. Due sustenance is also needed here such as ensuring that the blood is placed at room temperatures. The blood is then processed and split into the platelets, the red blood cells and the white blood cells which boost efficiency. After this the reaping is then distributed to all the areas t hat may need the blood and later it is kept for storage. Inventory of the blood is also taken. Whenever blood is needed, there is normally real time communication between the saving team as well as those who need it which check overs delivery.The Fast Food business in India is also another pattern of supply chain that despite not being well organized, has managed to ensure that there is always delivery of the products to the consumer. The system ensures in time product delivery as well as strict measures to ensure that the consumers get what they wanted. The provender is normally prepared and put into tins and then delivery men are cast to work to ensure that the food reaches the consumers in time. In addition, the food is well labeled to ensure that the food reaches the customer is the right one. Various means of delivery are used ranging from use of rickshaw, trains, and bicycles to the use of bodies to harbour the food to the end consumer.In both cases there are various

Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Mathematics - Essay ExampleAn example of where it is all-important(prenominal) to understand integers in the financial world is with cambering (Glydon). If someone spends more than they have available in their bank account then their balance will be negative. Also, it is important to understand integers in geography because of the disparate points either above or below sea level (Glydon).3. The reason why many students engender fractions difficult is because fractions are usually never taught to be looked at visually (Miller). Many teachers like to exempt all the different rules of fractions, which can be very confusing. A simple way to learn fractions is to call in that the numerator always goes over the denominator. The denominator indicates how many pieces make up the whole, while the numerator refers to how many of all those pieces we are talk about (Akers).4. Someone who worked at a pizza company would need to be able to match miscellaneous numbers because a pizza can b e cut up into different fractions ( immix Fractions). Someone who worked in the Human Resources department would also need to use mixed fractions because they would need to appear employees wages based on an hourly rate and they number of hours worked. Finally, taxi drivers would need to use mixed numbers because they would need to work out how many kilometers a trip is so they could charge their passenger the correct

Self reflection Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self reflection fib - Essay ExampleI owned a personal training comp any(prenominal) and was in indicate of management of the business, gaining valuable real life experience. I expect to grow and be able to physical exertion the results of this report to improve my performance in the remainder of my degree course.The results of the personality analysis showed that I am primarily an Implementer and secondarily a Shaper. This means I am organized, rely on common wizard and demonstrate self-discipline. I like to approach problems systematically and map out a solution with a series of steps. When working in a aggroup, I tend to focus on the best interests of the group rather than my own. I am useful in groups because I can keep on running and persist until the task is completed, regardless of difficulty. Some flaws or weaknesses in my personality include a mathematical lack of flexibility and a resistance to unproven ideas. This is where my secondary personality trait becomes usefu l.As a shaper, I am outgoing and dynamic. I am highly motivated and have ample animation a desire for achievement. I often push others to work hard and find ways to whelm obstacles. I can handle confrontation and sometimes find it useful. However, my personality as an Shaper leave help me deal with high pressure, stressful situations, and deadlines Appendix A.In my teaching style analysis, I discovered that my learning style is evenly spread across the four learning styles and I have at to the lowest degree a moderate preference for all the learning styles. I had a slightly stronger preference for the reflecting telescope learning style. This means that I prefer to observe, consider all angles, and think. I like structured experiences, lawsuit studies, and reports because they contain thorough information and evidence. However, my ability to learn using all four styles makes me adaptable to any learning situation. This can be very useful and keep my education balanced as I con tinue through my degree program Appendix B.My Shaper characteristics complement my

Orlando Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Orlando - Essay Examplehe novel, by choosing not to grow old during the three centuries time span of the storyline and most importantly changing gender from male to distaff, is depicted in such(prenominal) a manner as to provoke the subscribers thought by sincerely analyzing all aspects of the two sexes behavioral attributes.Although Woolfs work of Orlando is a passionate depiction based on the life of her friend and lover Vita Sackville-West as it was originally mean to be, the novel gives us a far more illustrative view of the world concerning gender specifics, sexual urge and human nature as it had been during the second half of the previous millennium. According to Wikipedia, the novel can be read as a roman clef which is a work of literature describing real life, behind a faade of fiction and where the main character is usually a famous personality, or in roughly cases, the author. Woolf has used immense material from the writings of Vita as a basis for her own novel. Even though the main character here is based on the life of Vita, using the overtones of fiction and the liberties made lendable through fantasy, Woolf was able to construct a well documented biography of Vita, without subjecting herself to criticism or controversy. Themes such as homosexuality have been subtly brought into the picture by fictionalizing the real life character as a male who transforms into a female later on. This show the ingeniousness of Virginia Woolf, as most other works of English fiction directly approaching the subject of homosexuality had been banned during her years. Therefore scour though she has titled her work as a biography, the novel has been classified as fiction, and this shows how Woolf had intended to foul up the boundaries set between fiction and non-fiction with Orlando, so the novel is not only about trans-gender, but also trans-genre, so to speak. (Wikipedia)The book offers us considerable insight into the study and comparison between the male and female mind, as Woolf

Relationship Marketing of services-perspectives Essay

Relationship market of services-perspectives - Essay ExampleAs Evert Gummesson (1999) advocates total relationship marketing as Marketing base on relationships, networks and interaction, recognizing that marketing is embedded in the total management of the networks of the selling organization, the market and society. It is enjoin to long term, win-win relationships with individual customers, the value is jointly created between the parties come to. In the above context if we odour at parity cards networks of relationship we can easily acquire three parties which are abstruse in the relationship network are chemical attraction faith card issuing bank, charity or political parties or universities or other types of such organizations and the customer who held and actually using the affinity credit cards and also members of above mentioned organizations. Basically affinity cardholders are members of a particular organization or fewwhat related to organizations in the form of a ny relationship. It may be direct or confirming like supporters of any club or political parties. Basic relationship exists between actual affinity card users and the organization to which they belongs or affiliate directly or indirectly. On the basis of such relationships organizations work up or forge a networked relationship with the bank. The second type of relationship exists between organization and the affinity card issuing branch/bank. The relationship between bank and organization depend on common benefits. Bank gets the loyal customers from the memberships of the organization who use their affinity credit cards and in exchange, organization gets some monetary benefits as agreed upon by the organization and the bank. This type of business-to-business relationship depends on mutual benefits for some(prenominal) the parties. Bank gets the whole memberships of the organization as their customer without much of investment in customer sweetening activities and the organizat ion benefited by getting some initial signup fee and recurring money for every purchasing through credit cards. Finally the relationship between customer and organization depends on some impalpable aspects such as loyalty, pride, brand using status etc. and a distinct identity.2. As Cardweb.com (www.cardweb.com) estimated that 250 million affinity credit cards were in circulation worldwide and it is almost one-third of all credit cards. So affinity credit cards have larger share in the credit card market. If we see the soil behind the growth of affinity card market up to such level, the main reason behind this type of business is mutual benefits and trust. As we have discussed the three parties or stake holders involved in business get mutually benefited. The banks, which issue credit card, get a larger good turn of customers at one go. Services involving discrete transactions can be transformed into membership relationships by providing services in bulk. The advantage for the banks to provide services to the organizations of having membership relationships is that it knows who its current customers are and, usually, what use they organise of the services offered. This customer information can be valuable for segmentation purposes if good records are unplowed and the data are readily accessible for analysis. Banks after knowing the identities and addresses of

Summaries of Five Lectures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summaries of Five Lectures - Research stem ExampleOften companies overlook the actual cause by commissioning on the tip of the iceberg. At this stage, companies also decide whether to undertake exploratory (exploring the motivations of consumers), descriptive (answering questions such as what, where, when, how) or causal (establishing cause-effect relationships in consumers behavior) research. Next, a plan is formulated which is implemented by collecting either primary or secondary data is the desired manner. There are two main types of research qualitative (comprising of focus groups, observations and third-person techniques) and quantitative. Primarily, companies engage in research by employing the four message media that is, telephone, internet, mail and face-to-face conversations. For instance, Pepsi conducted a blind-taste rise (known as Pepsi Challenge) where consumers were told to taste two cups (one with Pepsi one with gust). The results revealed that Pepsi was the popul ar choice amongst Americans. Lecture 3 discusses the three core steps of marketing namely segmentation, targeting and positioning. Segmentation refers to grouping the population into categories ground on common characteristics pertaining to behavior, psychographic elements or profile of customers. Segmentation based on behavioral aspects tends to focus on the purchase behavior, benefits, features, usage patterns as well as perceptions of the customers. Psychographic segmentation is based on lifestyle patterns and personality traits of the customers. Profile refers to categorizing the market based on age, income and socio-economic status. Targeting comes after segmentation and refers to the selection of one or more such groups towards which the elements of the marketing alloy are aimed at. These segments are evaluated on the basis of criteria such as their potential profitability, size, as well as their coherence with the organizational goals. Finally, positioning refers to the who le or space in customers mind that the company wishes to acquire. In short, the company decides the area in which it would differentiate itself from competitors as well as how it intends to do so. For example, Diet Coke positioned itself against Coke zip fastener by appealing to a different target market (women) compared to Coke Zero that targeted athletics and sportsmen. Lecture 4 discusses the buyer behavior serve. This begins with an analysis of the various roles that consumers take on as initiators, influencers, deciders, buyers and users. A personal consumer is one who is the end user of the product bought, whereas, an organizational consumer is one who buys with the intention of exploitation the product in the manufacture of some other product. The process of making decisions involves recognition of the fact that the consumer has an insatiable need which he/she attempts to satisfy, searching for potential ways to satisfy that need, evaluating alternative products on the b asis of various criteria, purchasing and finally, evaluating the decision in retrospect. When the product falls short of the customers expectations he/she may experience cognitive dissonance. Consumers purchase products owing to peer pressure (for instance, a Mercedes to show off his status) as well as his/her personality traits (for instance, drinking ground coffee instead of Nescafes 3-in-1 satchel). The buying process for organizations is far more complex and involves a more rational, well-informed choice as opposed to purely hedonic or impulsive behavior

DEATH WITH DIGNITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

DEATH WITH DIGNITY - Essay ExampleDifferent countries hold different views on mercy killing and so as their respective level-headed bodies. In Sweden it is allowed and in UK it is prohibited. Euthanasia again is divided into static and active euthanasia and the law does not hold same view regarding this two. In this dubious nominate regarding euthanasia patients suffering form terminal unsoundness are the prime sufferers. Should euthanasia be legalized or it should be left as it is. The following paper leads an investigative report on moral, ethical and legal grounds on this issue at the back ground of a good example study of a young girl Maria who is suffering from motor neuron disease a terminal illness and has only one year to survive. Moreover the paper suggests some recommendations for the Minister of Health in crop to facilitate euthanasia in a just way. Executive Summary Death with dignity or euthanasia is a much-debated issue in the world. Apart from Oregon in other s tates of USA its prohibited and in United Kingdom the debate is still going on over its acceptance. interestingly in UK by The Suicide Act 1961, suicide has been legalized under certain circumstances but closedown ones life with the help of another is strictly prohibited. unless it has been observed that assisted suicide is the only outlet or route of escape available to the people suffering from terminal illness, since in most of the cases they are not capable of doing it by their own. This report will enlighten the dubious factors hovering near this faint demarcation of suicide and assisted suicide and also will highlight the necessity of euthanasia to be legalized. In this effort a case study of Maria a young girl suffering from motor neuron disease has been considered. Maria whose fate was sealed as soon as she was detected with the mentioned disease, was bed ridden and paralysed to that extent that she cannot put an end to her life by her own. Her mother and family was stro ngly in prefer of assisting her to end her life to avoid the later stage complicacies and pain mainly arising from respiratory tribulation but were never granted permission for the same. It should be noted since motor neuron disease leaves the take care almost unaffected hence it is obvious that Maria opined the same with her mother and family. This report aims at considering the case of euthanasia in a detailed manner and explores the ethical, legal and moral grounds in favour or against the same. The report also aims to figure out an appropriate point where euthanasia should be legalized and in its way to achieve that goal the report also suggests a set of recommendations. Rationale of the Report first of all historical evidence points to the fact that many clinical cases have been faced so far where a person with terminal illness and suffering like hell but the people around her nonetheless knowing the ultimate outcome remained neutral considering the red eyes of law. Exampl es in UK can be tack together from the instance from Mrs. Dianne Petty and Debbie Purdy. This report focuses on the justification of that act. Secondly according to Griffiths many medical professionals consciously or unwillingly considers voluntary euthanasia an estimate put this number at 12 percent. (Griffiths, 1999) However the difference between voluntary and

Abacus Distribution plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Abacus Distribution plc - Essay ExampleThe grouping has adopted a customer service policy with more personalised local service and a strong technical support. This ensures the companys performance in providing quality products and support from a potently motivated workforce. The company has an office in Asia with manufacturing operations extended in the Far East to sum up European customers, quality products at competitive prices.In general, the objective of a company must be to create value for its shareholders. Value is represented by the market price of the companys coarse stock, which in turn is a function of the firms investment, financing, and dividend decisions. The basic idea of managing finance in any business venture therefore is to acquire assets and invest in new products and services where expect return exceeds their cost, to finance with those instruments where there is particular advantage, tax or otherwise and to undertake a meaty dividend policy for stockholders . (Ross et al.) These functions define the scope and role of financial vigilance in any organisation. The financial charge function thus concerns the acquisition, financing, and management of assets with the overall organisational goals in mind. In line with the above principles of financial management the company has taken the following actions in the financial discipline.During the year 2004 the company embarked on a major(ip) capital expenditure in upgrading the business system of the company scheduled to be completed in the year 2007. The company has adopted a policy of acquiring large properties on a freehold basis. In line with this policy the company has invested in the acquisition of subsidiaries to the extent of 2.1 trillion, a net investment of 1.1 million in plant, machinery, and equipments, and a small investment of 0.1 million in land and building. There is an investment of 50 million representing the acquisition of Deltron Electronics Group UK having subsidiaries in

Southwest vs. Jetblue Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

southwestward vs. Jetblue straininglines - Essay ExampleSouthwest Airlines was first incorporated as Air Southwest Company on 15, March 1967. Its mission is to provide air dishonor to passengers within Texas State. However, Southwest Airline is currently operating in six states. It is serving over seventy cities, which enables the airline to film about three thousand three hundred flights daily. The porters five forces of the Airline diligence with reference to Southwest Airline The first factor is the new entrants factor. Air sedulousness is critical to economic growth and development. It is critical in any economy. Therefore, it is an industry perceived by many a(prenominal) as high uply lucrative. However, huge amount of capital is required to start air transport backup and industry is riddled with high take aim risks. The industry also experiences complicated licensing, certification and regulations procedures, which makes it hard to penetrate. Furthermore, increase cos t of force out makes it difficult for many people to venture it. The second factor is threats of substitutes. The substitutes to air transport are lane, rail and water. Southwest Airline faces rival from road because most (80%) of its customers are domestic customers. If road transport improves, the airline may lose bulk of its domestic customers. Southwest Airline has been lobbying against the introduction of high hurry rail transport services in the State of Texas. This is to prevent competition from substitutive high speed train services. Third factor to consider is the bargaining force play of customers. Customers do not remove a strong bargaining power in the air industry. As a result, they do not have a collective bargaining power to influence air prices. The fourth factor is the bargaining power of suppliers. Suppliers of aircrafts and spares are influential to prices making it difficult for operators to bargain. This is due to the standards on aircrafts and its spares that FAA imposes on operators. The operators must purchase accredited parts that are mostly expensive. The suppliers of fuel are few therefore, they largely influence the prices of fuel. Airline operators do not have powers over the fuel suppliers and are left to develop ways of improving fuel efficiency. For example, Southwest Airlines introduced use of high pressure water to clean the engine, an exercise that improves fuel efficiency by 1.9 percent. The company has also managed to contain its employees through strong team coordination, open communication and promotion of work-life balance. Furthermore, the employees are also supported by top management. This has made employees proud of the company. Fifth factor to consider is the level of rivalry within the industry. This is among the real threats that can bring the industry down. Southwest Airline faces direct competition from JetBlue and AirTran Holdings, which are also low cost carriers. To minimize competition and increase i ts revenue base, the company acquired hypothecate Air in 1985, Morris Air in 1993, ATA Airlines in 2008 and Air Tran Airways in 2011. Acquisitions enabled Southwest Airline to borrow key routes in the Pacific Norwest and acquire operating certificate as well as arrive slots in LaGuardia Airport. However, the company failed to acquire Frontier Airlines thus lost Denver market. Strategic valuation system The strategic valuation method that is useful in valuing the company is the shareholder Value Analysis. Shareholder honor analysis refers to financial analysis, which estimates the

Workout log system Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workout log system - Term Paper ExampleThere is a 2-step authentication process in Gmail use.The system uses forms and a database that will access the details of the exploiter. The database is updated automatically. The system is too known to have information about the various courses and the various student activities that are common. This will assist students not to repeat common steps and procedures. The system has various useful features like bread crumbs that foster users know where they are within the system. This way, they will be able to know where they will move from the location they are. It is an important feature that has been added that helps users to navigate the system well. Given the fact that the system is web based, there is no requirement that the system will use a specific platform. As long as single has some internet connection, they will be able to have connected to the system.The system will be able to restore a session if it was interrupted. This is an i mportant feature and functionality of the system. If the user gets out of the system by mistake, they will be able to restore the forward session after they have resolved the previous issue that caused them to lose connection. This is an important feature that helps users not to remember where they were in the system. This will help the user if they were working out on something that was so important in their procedures.The system also has the functionality to support concurrency. This is the powerfulness of a system to support two users who are accessing it at the same time. This is an important feature as it helps various users be able to access the system without having to wait for someone to finish accessing it first. One has the granting immunity to access any site and web page without having to wait for others to finish accessing it.With the system, users are able to form what they do and where they are at a given time and place. It is an important feature that helps users to have a way in which they can automatically

FEEDBACK ON AUTOBIOGRAPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

FEEDBACK ON AUTOBIOGRAPHY - leaven ExampleIn the theoretical discourse, you bring forward the positive aspects of your chosen leader and put start on her lifelong struggle and sacrifice to bring forward a strong personality. Thus, with your autobiography, it is clearly plain that Christine Caine produces a strong sense of motivation for you. Due to this reason, you formulate different visors to bring into light the parallels amid you and your chosen personality. You also show all the qualities that you admire. The clarity of expression and well developed approach argon reflections of your passion about your chosen leader. It seems that the framework you have developed based on your vision and criteria go away further transform your thoughts in the days to come.The life events have played a great reference in the development of your autobiography. You have paid great attention to the theory and integrated theory as well as events in the best possible manner in your autobiograp hy. For example when you tell that, leadership know who they are, where they came from, where they are going, and are not afraid of stand for their values, convictions and what is right instead of conforming to what others say. Of course, this kindle be seen throughout your autobiography especially at times when you were in Paris and London. As you mentioned that the great deal over there asked you to realize the fact that you could do so many things. This was the time when you dare to lift against your insecurities. So, your descriptive, focused and analytical approach can be seen throughout your autobiography which is a plus point of the writing. You paid great attention to the contribution of the life events in directing you towards a purposeful life. For example, the stand up of your mother as a role model offers you new spirit in facing the betting odds of life. In a nutshell, it can be well said that the autobiography is well developed and the events are well integrated t hroughout the writing.The description

Outline and evaluate the negotiating skills you have used Essay

Outline and evaluate the negotiating skills you have apply - Essay ExampleSpecified means of negotiations can be utilized in numerous situations, be it in legal systems, industrial disputes, government, or domestic relationships. General negotiation skills are learned and utilize in an extensive range of activities to resolve some(prenominal) difference that arise in a acidify place. I was working in the United Credit Bank in Azerbaijan, during my internship, where I used to compete with the reporting process. On several occasions, I used my negotiation skills to be permitted to make some monumental changes in my reports. However, it could have been more successful if I could have identified these issues prior to producing the report, so I wouldnt need to enquire from my manager to give me permission for making the changes in the reports. As more as the idea was not viewed negatively by my manager, I realized that I could have behaved in a more successful way. Some of the nego tiating skills I used include the following Preparation First, I used to prepare myself for the negotiations by deciding on when and where I would meet my manager after penning my reports. At this stage, I also used to limit the sentence I could use when asking her of any issues to prevent any disagreement and unnecessary conversations between the two of us. I always do certain(a) that I have gone through my reports especially those concerning any monetary records to be fully sure of the facts so that it could be easier for me to clarify my position to the manager. In this context, I specifically went through the rules and regulations of the bank and made sure they were on my fingertips to prove that I had not violated any policy. By this, my boss could not spend much time trying to clarify information that she expected I was familiar with (Nadler, 2003). Analyzing the bother As a bank employee at that time, I had to ensure that my internship become successful, hence I took my time to determine what my manager really expected of me. Before I could approach her, I used to break up the issues in my reports, especially in record keeping so that both our interests could not disagree. I very much detailed by analysis by identifying the interested parties, such as the manager herself, the auditor, and other executives, and eff out the issues they could have criticized. However, sometimes I could not single out the real issues as required. brisk listening during discussions Putting in mind that I often did not spot out the veridical issues of concern, I could forward my cases exactly the way I saw them. Major skills used here include questioning, clarifying, and listening to my manager. Sometimes I could take notes as she explained to record important floors put forward entirely in case I needed more clearing up. Nevertheless, it came to my notice that I rarely utilize this skill efficiently because I tented to concentrate more on noting than listening. This led to hardships at some points as she could end up talking too much than I expected and that I never got an couple chance to present my case as she always did. Another impact I noted when I seemed to write much and listen less was that I failed to notice her body language, which could have enabled me to know if she was happy with my questions or if she demonstrated something important. She could at times forbid me from writing and use my pen to illustrate her point by rectifying the issues in my reports, and this is when I often concentrated. Control of emotions The United Credit Bank of Azerbaijan is a fully grown bank with many daily activities and

Management Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality Essay

wariness Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality - Essay ExampleApart from these, there is lack of coordination between the manufacture and the educators due to which both the students that enter the work field and the industry, experience a gap. Conclusions have been drawn big study.The business environment today is turbulent and challenging. The hotel industry is characterized by low job security, low pay, coggle duties and limited opportunities for promotion (Wong, Siu & Tsang, 1999), no breaks, fluctuating demand, simultaneous production and consumption (Birdir, 2002). The sector offers a verify of contradictions on a daily basis (Baum & Nickson, 1998). Human capital is considered the greatest asset in contact these challenges and gaining competitive edge. However, attracting, managing and retaining talent in the hospitality industry is the biggest challenge. Competitive advantage relies on service lumber and delivery of service quality itself has become challengin g due to high staff turnover in the industry. The industry does realize that high turnover of staff ultimately results in high recruitment and raising costs but despite all efforts they have not been able to bring about changes in the situation. High turnover indicates that staff is not sufficiently motivated to work for the organization. This in turn implies lack of commitment and loyalty from the employees. Since this is an issue that concerns the smaller as well as the larger firms in the industry, this requires an in-depth study. unlike(a) studies have been conducted in the past but most studies have focused on one particular issue or one particular region. This study proposes to be an umbrella study where all the various factors that cause high turnover will be looked into. High labour turnover is not a country-specific problem but is a global problem. This study would provide greater insight than is possible in one

The Future of Artificial Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 21250 words

The Future of Artificial Intelligence - Essay Example by dint of following the works of Hopfield, who has release the symbolic founding father of a very large and wide-cut physics-based study of neural ne cardinalrks as dynamical systems, AI will surely continue to develop in the forthcoming.This paper convincingly argues that intelligent machines will be intertwined in the future society, and addresses the lack of a substantial body to manage the development of computer software. The supplementary research further establishes that engineers will have change magnitude ethical and political responsibilities in the development of artificial intelligence systems in the future.This paper also develops a thorough picture of the study of artificial intelligence and a particular emphasis on queasy Networks and its methodology and outlines its usefulness in computing applications. In addition it explores the movement to develop strong AI systems and deals with some non-technical theore tical issues involving that development. Evidence introduced to support arguments that intelligent machines will be a part of future compelled a set of recommendations intended to guide engineers in their continued development of intelligent computer programs. The recommendations, constituting a primary product of this toil, represent delicate changes in the social role of engineers however will become increasingly important as technology grows.Despite the fact that, the material presented has allowed the project to achieve its two major goals, namely explaining current and developing AI technologies in a way accessible to non-experts, and outlining recommendations to form future engineers for their growing ethical and professional responsibilities.Table of Contents1.5.1 Definitions of the Terms102.5 Language touch on 322.6 AI & Machine Learning 33Neural Networks for Information Retrieval (IR) A methodological analysis773.3.1 A Hopfield Network Example 813.4 Originality & Limitat ion of Data86Chapter 11.1 tilt of the ProblemPromising technologies and programming techniques raise the capability to create intelligent software programs. With the introduction of possible neural networking solutions, the people have come even closer to building artificially intelligent machines. This project outlines the impact of neural networking on the development of artificial intelligence

The US military's role in domestic disaster response. Is it an Research Paper

The US militarys role in domestic disaster response. Is it an effective use of resources or danger to civil liberties - Research Paper exercisingThis same assistance was provided during the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2009 typhoon which flooded the streets of Manila, the Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake, and otherwise global disasters. The utilization of military disaster substitute has not provided been welcomed by some politicians, with most critics defining such relief as an otiose use of military resources and as an interference with the civil liberties of citizens. Others have been quick to point out however that providing disaster relief is not a waste of military resources and in fact is a obligatory function of the US military, an adjunct to their peace and pronounce function. This paper shall now review this issue, specifically on the US militarys role in domestic disaster response and whether or not it is an effective use of resources or a danger to civil libertie s.Disasters ar significant and widespread events which pertain the loss of life and which cause significant damage to property and infrastructures (Weeks, 2007). Accidents on the other hand are at a smaller scale with less lives and property lost. In these situations, failure of communication seems to be one of the more persistent issues much faced, along with the inability to establish clear links with other agencies. Disasters imply the significant loss of life and it usually occurs without warning (Weeks, 2007). It also has a significant touch on on society, including its culture and geography. These events are difficult to assess because of the widespread impact they cause. The major challenges which first responders often face are difficult areas to evaluate. Much preparation must be carried out in order to evaluate disaster situations because they involve a significant amount of elements which cannot be easily controlled and observed (Weeks, 2007).Marret and Brimmer (2008) talk of that the military has increasingly found itself managing disasters and

CRITICAL CONTEXTS of LAW- STORY( answer the questions) Essay

captious CONTEXTS of LAW- STORY( answer the questions) - Essay ExampleIn turn, this conflict is further mirrored by the confusion regarding the discrimination between a civil liberty and a homosexualkind chasten. It is submitted that the criticism of the philosophical concept of human rights as a reality centres on the dichotomy between the deontological dual-lane ethics paradigm and the utilitarian approach (Donnelly, 2003, p.7). On the other hand, a civil right whilst related to human rights is completely different and specifically relates to a legal right which can be protected and exercised under civil faithfulness (Foster, 2008, p.10). As such, a civil right may include a human right simply is completely distinct from a human right (Foster, 2008). For example, under the civil uprightness common law jurisdiction in the UK, individuals start rights not to be injured or the victims of negligence or pain in the ass as part of a civil right (Foster, 2008). Whilst civil ri ghts are exercisable and protected by the state, human rights on the other hand are not automatically exercisable, which in turn has perpetuated a knock over as to whether the concept of human rights are in fact a fiction of modern, western informal democracies (Reed, 2007, p.11). ... Indeed, this very pinnacle is the fundamental distinction between a civil right, which is enforceable and exercisable on the angiotensin converting enzyme hand in contrast to the individualistic concept of a human right on the other. Furtherto a greater extent, Donnelly highlights the point that the the ability to claim rights, if necessary distinguishes between having a right from simply being the (rights-less) beneficiary of someone elses obligations. Paradoxically, then having a right is of most value precisely when one does not arrive at the right (Donnelly, 2003, p.8). It is submitted that this observation is arguably crucial to the practical success of the shared ethics paradigm in terms of the innate morality informing human adherence to basic fundamental rights. Moreover, Donnelly questions the notion of shared rights as in a Hobbesian state of nature, rights would never be respected at best neutrality or self interest would lead duty-bearers not to deny the right holder the object of her right (Donnelly, 2003, p.8). Accordingly, Donnellys points highlight the point that whereas ethics refer to the morality of human rights, this can contrast with the material enforcement of morality as defined by ethical theory, which again highlights the fundamental distinction between an enforceable civil rights on the one hand and human rights on the other. Indeed, Donnelly highlights the point that Human rights traditionally have been thought of as moral rights of the highest order. They have also become, as we will see in more detail later, external legal rights (Donnelly, 2003, p.11). As such, this has led to commentators questioning the concept of human rights in internatio nal

Essays by American Minorities Essay Example for Free

Essays by American Minorities Essay1. The Age of White Guilt by Shelby Steele In this analyze written by African American Shelby Steele, he tells of the hard times of his people. He leads the reader through his experiences in the genteel rights movement and compares the life of an African American in the 1960s and one in the present day. He writes that African Americans today would have to use ever ounce of their intelligence and imagination to find reasons for them non to succeed in todays society. He goes on to say that African Americans use the misuse done for them in the past and try to use it as guilt for the white Americans.It goes on to apologise the importance in fighting for a cause in a group and not time out off as individuals. 2. Im Black, your white, whos innocent? By Shelby Steele In this essay by Shelby Steele, he tells about the inequality of blacks even in todays society. I think it as well shows the tenderness in the subject of racism and inequality even today. He in like manner writes of how he employ to use white liability against white Americans and how it gave him much guilt. He also tells how young African Americans gloss over blame racial problems to be the motivation of many things done by African Americans.He says that an African American that points out white shame is showing power and that when whites respond with silence that that is also a gesture of power. He ends with saying that that whites and blacks truly fear the sacrifices that come with total racial harmony. 3. I detested Tonto by Sherman Alexie In this essay written by Native American Sherman Alexie, he points out the racial stereotypes that accompany the Native Americans that were given to them by America and the rest of the world. He tells of how he used to feign the racial stereotypes of his people when he was a kid still now he understands how embarrassing the stereotypes were.4. wherefore dont we complain by William Buckley This essay by William Buc kley tells of the difficulties of society and how, instead of pickings movement when we are mistreated, we just stand by and let the violators have their elbow room. It also tells of how people often cargo area on others to take action instead on doing so themselves. He says this is because we are afraid to snitch our voices heard and afraid that both(prenominal)one will get their feelings hurt. He also says that when we do complain, we shouldnt do so in a calm voice like you are scared hardly in a bold, demanding voice that lets the person know that you mean business.He says that Americans are not comfortable taking actions in difficult situations because we live in an age of technology where we rely on machines and computers to do things for us, but in earlier times, if we needed something we got up and did it. 5. Just Walk on By by brant goose Staples This essay written by Brent Staples tells of the first time the author experienced a electronegative reaction from someone j ust because he was black. He tells of how he noticed signs of fear when people cut him and realized that or so of Chicagos rapists and muggers were black and that his appearance could cause fear.He tells of how society tells us that we should be tough and shouldnt back down and how some young men take this literally and get into trouble. Essays on the Use and Power of slope 1. Politics in the English Language by George Orwell This essay written by George Orwell tells of the inaccurate and misuse of the English language in todays society. He says that instead of foolish thoughts coming from language, language comes from foolish thoughts. He also says that metaphors and other types of figurative language used today do not lead to concrete ideas. He says that vagueness is the most crude characteristic of the English language.2. How English is Evolving into a Language we might not understand by Michael Erard This essay by Michael Erard tells of how the English language is being use d in many other countries including China but is not being thoroughly explained which leads to misuse of haggle and different pronunciations. He tells of how China and other Asian countries are making changes to the languages such as pronunciation of vowels and words. He also says that Asians will introduce olfactory sensation to the English language which marrow if a word is pronounced with a different tone it means a different word.He tells the reader that there is nothing wrong with the language and it is just as proper as any other English and that it might even be more efficient. 3. Do Our Writers Abuse the English Language? by Dr. Rossiter Johnson This essay written by Dr. Rossiter Johnson tells of the criticism from our cousins the English against American writers. It tells of how the British criticism is accompanied by their idea of our ignorance. It tells that the British believe that there is no way that American writers can possibly improve when it comes to proper use of the English language.Johnson then points out some British writers that have misused the language such as Grey and Dean Alford. He tells of the words of Sydney Smith, a British critic that said who reads American books? Who goes to an American play? Who looks at an American point or statue? Who sleeps in American blankets? What do we owe to American surgeons and physicians? He responds to these words by obese of how Americans have surpassed these accomplishments and have proved Smith wrong. 4. Importance of English in India by Rajesh Mohan.This essay by Rajesh Mohan is about the role of the English language in India and how it is the language that bonds all the other languages together in the Indian sub continent. The reason English bonds these regions together is because everyone understands it and so that makes it a common language to everyone. It also tells of how English is good for countries who are trying to expand and grow and that Indians recommend other countries to lea rn English. 5. How English Became a Global Language by Jennifer Claerr This essay by Jennifer Claerr tells how English has become one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world.She says it is mostly because of its effectiveness. She says that the other reason the world is comfortable with English is because it uses a Romanic alphabet which is easier for Easterners to grasp than other alphabets. The English language is used heavily in television, movies, products, ads, and everything else that many non internal speakers feel that they should learn it. So in conclusion this is the reason that English has over 1 one thousand million speakers both native and non native.

Greek Heroes and changes in feminism and masculinity Essay Example for Free

Greek Heroes and changes in feminism and maleness EssayThat a millennium-long struggle mingled with patriarchal and matriarchal mindsets took place in the Bronze while is easily apparent whether one turns to Greek drama, mythology, or mythography. In every category numerous examples of this outhouse be found a nearly, if not actually, overwhelming number. It begins as early as with the ancient level of Hercules, one of Zeuss valety sons and a later iconic figure representing strength, courage, and sexual prowess. Hercules was jealously hated by Zeuss wife, Hera, and for that reason she took every opportunity available to cause him pain and tackle to kill him. Even in advance his birth, out of jealous rage Hera attempted to prevent his birth. Throughout his spirit she tormented him, still large(p) him for her husbands infidelity. Hera exhibits what were considered at the time fair(prenominal) traits she allowed herself to be consumed by jealousy over her husbands dallia nces with opposite women, and lashed out against these women and their offspring. She was conniving and devoted herself to tormenting the lovers and illegitimate offspring of her husband.Hercules, on the other hand, was the embodiment of masculinity he was physically strong, courageous, triple-crown sexually, able to depend on his wit when his strength was insufficient for a task, mentally capable of withstanding quadruple transgressions into insanity (all induced by Hera), emotionally strong enough to handle murdering his own children, and his end was brought approximately by a woman (his second-to-last wife, unwittingly and easily manipulated with jealousy into killing her husband).The same cant kind of be said for the myth of Jason and Medea. Hera, instead of tormenting the male out of jealousy, instead assists him out of a low by indirectly making Medea fall in love with him and help him in his tasks. After he finishes all his tasks, he sets sail, taking Medea with him, a nd she has to distract her father by murdering her brother, effectively cutting all ties with her life as a maiden.After an eventual exile, Jason not scarce betrays Medea by getting engaged with other woman, he adds insult to injury by dismissing her pleas and assertions that she had helped him with the fact that he had no loyalty to her, but only to Aphrodite, who was the reason Medea had fallen in love with him at all. Medea takes her revenge by presenting the bride with a cursed dress, protects her cardinal sons by murdering them, and flees.Jason, the male, depends on Medea, the female with magical talents, to assist him, and at an early opportunity, leaves her behind, despite what he owes her, to rent a marriage that would make him more politically attractive. Medea is jealous and uses her capabilities to inflict harm before go away presently. The myth of Oedipus weaves a tale not similar in content, but in portrayal of feminine and masculine roles and traits. Oedipus, awar e of the prophecy that he will kill his father and marry his stupefy, attempts valiantly to vitiate this by simply leaving what he believes to be his homeland, unaware of having been adopted.Along the way, he kills a man who he doesnt know to be both the king of Thebes and his biological father. He to a fault solves the riddle of the Sphinx, free the city from its terror. Upon his arrival to the city, he pledges to eradicate the plague, swearing to find the murderer of the citys king. He marries the queen, Jocasta, and his own mother, and has children by her. Oedipus is told by a blind prophet that he should abandon his search for the killer, and the story unravels he is told that he is the killer, and disbelieves because he still thinks hes the son of his adopted father.Jocasta realizes Oedipus is her son, and out of shame and horror takes her own life. Oedipus too realizes in the end that he was adopted, and that he unwittingly fulfilled the prophecy he was trying to avoid. He immediately searches for Jocasta and finds her all of a sudden by her own hand in the palace. In despair, he gouges his own eyes out, which is an uncommon grade of self-punishment considering suicide is more likely in Greek tragedy than self-crippling. He goes on to become revered rather than reviled a wise, old blind man. Oedipus, because of his efforts to avoid a horrific situation, escapes harsh judgment.Jocasta, on the other hand, immediately falls into prescribed sexual activity roles a newly widowed queen, she naturally marries the strong delivery boy of the city. After realizing who her second husband truly is, she tries to prevent him from figuring out his own identity and takes on the burden herself, taking her own life. Perseus, even before the heros conception, is a myth riddled with adherence to gender traditions. His mother is shut away and kept from becoming pregnant, her father having been told that he would be killed by his daughters son. in spite of this, Ze us easily visits her and impregnates her, resulting in the birth of Perseus.Cast away from his homeland, he was raised by his mother and a fisherman. Invited to a banquet to which he was expected to bring a horse, Perseus promised another gift instead, and was immediately commanded to bring the head of Medusa as a prize. With the help of the gods, he did so proving his masculinity and humankind by withstanding the trial. On his return journey, he happened upon a situation in which a woman undeniable rescuing he became the valiant hero, again proving his masculinity and manhood by appropriately responding to a feminine crisis, and she became his wife, naturally responding appropriately to Perseuss masculinity.Theseuss story, as a founder-figure, is a much longer tale than the previous heros. He also began early, recovering his fathers arms to prove his hero-hood and lineage. On his way to Athens to claim his birthright, Theseus faces expose after peril after peril, and task after task, overcoming each obstacle, and in the process proving each time his courage, manhood, masculinity, bravery, and strength. In each circumstance he not only proved himself, but became a savior figure as well, as each obstacle he overcame was a problem for multiple people.Upon his arrival at Athens, Medea accept him as the rightful heir to the throne, and decided to have him killed so her own son would be guaranteed the spot. unfulfilled the first time, she tried a second time, the king only realizing in the nick of time who Theseus was, and pitch his life. He was chosen as the hero to rescue Athenians from the Minotaur, to which they were forced to pay tribute each grade with their own population. Again with assistance from a woman, he was successful in the endeavor and took her with him to marry.However, exhibiting the treatment of women as passive pawns, a god appeared to him in a dream, claiming her as his own bride and demanding he leave her on an island for him. Theseus , unwilling to anger the gods, did so. Theseus exhibits all of the ideal masculine traits of the period strength, courage, valiantness, independence, and doesnt fall to the feminine traits of the woman who conspires against his attempt to seize his rightful place.Ariadne exhibits the ascribed feminine traits of the woman who falls for the valiant hero and ultimate example of masculinity, helpfulness and willingness to bend to his will. All of these heroes and their myths, including the women who helped or harmed them in their endeavors to prove their manhood, masculinity, courage, and strength, only emphasize the point that the struggle between matriarchal and patriarchal interests was always fierce. References (1855).Bulfinch index. Retrieved July 9, 2009, from Bulfinchs mythology the age of fable or stories of gods and heros sack site http//www. sacred-texts. com/cla/bulf/ Ovid, (1 A. C. E. ). The internet classics archive. Retrieved July 9, 2009, from Metamorphoses Web site htt p//classics. mit. edu/Ovid/metam. html Sophocles (n. d. ). Oedipus the king. Retrieved July 9, 2009, from The internet classics archive Web site http//classics. mit. edu/Sophocles/oedipus. html

A Class Struggle in Desperate Times Essay Example for Free

A Class Struggle in Desperate Times Essay bottom Steinbecks fiction authorise The Grapes of Wrath is a story which depicts the spirit and dignity of a person during the most desperate of situations. The novel is a fictional account of the life of the Joad family on their way to the Promised domain of a function of California from the Dust axial rotationing b only in Oklahoma during the 1930s (Steinbeck 2). The family, similar to several another(prenominal) sharecroppers and farmers living in Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, and other states at the duration of the dust bowl and the Great Depression were forced to leave their lands (Steinbeck 3). When it was first published in April 14, 1939, it quickly became a bestselling novel (Steiner 2).Although there were those who criticized the novel for apparently being basically sentimental and unagitated others dismissed it as another example of social journalism or documentation more than it is a novel, most critics recognize the lit erary value of Steinbecks work. In fact, the author even received a Pulitzer Prize for his work the following year (Steiner 2). The novel is an attack on capitalism as it is virtually the plight of the migrant workers. It condemned cruel industrialism and monopoly capitalism (Choi 90). The theme of finding a home entwined with the political issues of the time is of the essence.This is because even though the story primarily has a political undertone, the author nevertheless explores the reason fundament the migration of people, how they struggle to find their new homes while seeking to find out how it can really be done. The novel was written at a time the United States was struggling to survive a inexorable economic depression (Steinbeck 3). People all over the country have practically lost everything they own. The farm areas located at the Midwest beard the worst consequence of such crisis. Soil depletion was brought about by poor farming practices.As a result, farmers who de pend on it for survival were forced to seek for other ways to support their families. Moreover, the prices as well as markets for the crops have dropped. These events produced a significant change in agriculture of the region. Small farm lands merged with bigger and more commercial ones. Manual labor has been replaced by mechanical means. The country experienced dry soil erosion brought about by mighty sophisticate blows and endured serious food crisis during middle part of the 1930s. The condition produced what came to be known as the dust bowl in Colorado, Kansa, Texas, and Oklahoma.The farmers together with their families were driven out of the land they depend on for years of survival. They traveled all the way to California, whose fertile land presents the promise of a better life. Unfortunately, life in the so-called Promised Land has not been good to them either. They suffered oppression, resentment, low wages, and unemployment. They were accused as communist in a land they counted on to rescue them from the ill-fated life they left back home (Steinbeck 3). Steinbeck traveled with the migrants to gain a first-hand experience of the unfortunate life they had to live.In writing the novel, the author sought more than just to illustrate the folk struggle at the time of the Great Depression. He even presented a critical analysis of the policies that had been the stem turn cause of their misfortune. In this regard, the characters portrayed in the story usually come out as classical heroes or romanticized models. He did this on purpose instead of utilizing his characters to investigate the individual human psyche. Rather, he presents his characters as personification of the universal struggles and principles of the human race.Hence, The Grapes of Wrath serves as an account of the Great Depression as it was an sound judgment of the social and fiscal system that contributed to the emergence of this particular period in American history. Works Cited Choi, Ju ngsun. John Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath Home-Seeking and the Ambiguity of the Ending. Journal of British American Studies 14 (2006) 89-110. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York Penguin, 2002. Steiner, Bernd. A persuasion of John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath. Munich GRIN Verlag, 2007.

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming EssayEvery day we go about our own business. many a(prenominal) of us never take the time to look around and see how we are touching our solid grounds atmosphere. Everywhere you look today you are bound to see some factory or machinery polluting our air. Just think how many times you feed seen those large semi trucks or big fogey fuel factories emitting thick dark smoke into the atmosphere. We need to come to reality and realize that all that polluting we have been doing over the last half-century is finally catching up to us. It is very easy to detect through scientific research that our earths climate is changing, Time magazine reports in its 2004 issue that the earths average temperature is increasing at a steady rate. Yes, we all have heard the term ball-shaped warming, however many people dont know in depth what ball-shaped warming is, or how our actions will affect our earth if we dont respond to the issue. If we open fire aim ourselves on what global warming is and how it will affect us in the near and far future, we cigarette then begin to change our old habits of polluting and create new habits and goals to living in a very more healthier and cleaner environment.During the earliest times, the life-styles of our ancestors were very simple. The air they breathed was clean. The streams were clear and free of harmful organisms. They employ natural fertilizers for their agricultural crops. The meets were free of household throwaways. Today, there has been a tremendous growth in science and technology. Such advances have brought about changes in terms of new products, improved equipment, and more effective methodologies. Unfortunately, this same technology which made life easier for us produced wastes which are now affecting the quality of our surrounding air, water, and land.Factories and motor vehicles send tons of pollutants into our air. Excessive air contamination poses a danger to our health and environment. It can lik ewise cause stunted growth and even death to our plants. Out streams are maculated by discharges from industrial plants that use chemicals. Garbage and sink wastes are carelessly thrown in our surroundings. Synthetic fertilizers and insecticides pollute our land and farm products. At the same time, the burning of fossil fuels, particularly coal and oil, produces sulfur dioxide and atomic number 7 oxides which are hazardous to the atmosphere.Findings show that a single smokestack may produce as much as 500 tons of sulfur dioxide a day. When these gases combine with oxygen and moisture, sulfuric acid and nitrous acid is formed. The rain will carry the acids to the ground (acid rain) which may cause the depletion of calcium and magnesium in the soil, elements needed by plants for the formation of chlorophyll and wood, or it may cause the release of aluminum in the soil, which are poisonous and can kill the roots of trees. How can we take care of our environment?We essential underta ke measures to preserve our resources and minimize utilization of energy before its too late. Our fight against pollution is an initial step toward conserving our environmental resources and energy. We must all join hands for this common goal. Furthermore, of all issues affecting humanity, climate change is the most pervasive and truly global, posing a very real and undecomposed threat to our environment. Climate change is the alteration of the pattern of global climate that may be receivable to human activity that alters the composition of the atmosphere.

Oral Communication in Business Essay Example for Free

Oral Communication in Business try outBusiness communication is done through various avenues including the written word (via Email, letters and reports), the facet to face meeting and telephone conversations. It is particularly important when using speech to communicate with others, whether client or employee, that what you regulate is what you mean, both in short letter of voice and words chosen. The most obvious reason to use the talk word is to give information to another.How effectively this is done depends on imparting pertinent key points to the meeter and giving him or her a clear idea of what the expected result should be. The client wants to know the posture of his order and the employee wants to know the deadline to fill it. Oral communication can also be used to swing or motive others to accomplish a specific task. By showing confidence through your tone of voice and using open-ended statements and questions, your listener is exhorted to action.This is particul arly effective when speaking with employees regarding a change in the organization. Make sure they are aware of the benefits and ask them to relate how this will help them in their jobs. The itinerary oral communication is approached can mean the difference between boring your listener to tears or actively engaging their thought processes. Failure to communicate well can be seen as unfitness to communicate well (Gabbin, 1996). Keeping your listeners entertained is one way to keep them listening.You do not turn in to memorize a joke of the day, but simply avoid droning on about song or statistics or other dry subjects. A company that holds annual employee rallies to boost morale should check both the entertainment and motivation aspects of speech. Reviewing the companys fiscal state of affairs and thanking employees for their contribution musical composition causing them to think of further ways to improve the future bottom line would create an aviation of trust and good will. Motivate, entertain, and leave them looking forward to the next rally

Human Facial Expressions and Emotions Essay Example for Free

Human Facial Expressions and Emotions EssayTo accept that the implications of human perceptions be general is indeed very extensive. It speaks to an issue that is deeply entrenched in human character and it is by no means a trivial question. Much research has been conducted in this plain of emotions through the analysis of seventh cranial nerve panoramas, categorizing read into two primary categories those in favor of the catholicity of emotions, known as the Universality thesis, or those in favor of cultural influence on emotions.While it has been largely accepted that thither is a basic universal language in the field, the bulk of the debate centers on where exactly factors controlling expression of facial nerve expressions lie on this spectrum. There is undeniably overwhelming endorse in support of the universality thesis with both qualitative ( savvy studies) and quantitative ( brawn unit measurements and brain mapping techniques) data however, one could non over look the behavioral and anatomical depict in favor of refinement-specific expressions.Therefore, universal emotions may serve as a very fundamental framework among all humans yet, it is cultural differences that fine-tune this structure into the emotions distributively individual expresses. Introduction to Universality Thesis The Darwinian Hypothesis prescripts for the Expression of Emotions The Work of Charles Darwin. Many of the ideas that Darwin theorise in his 1872 have got The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals have guide to this field of research. On the books most basic level, he defended that emotion expressions are evolved and adaptive (Hess Thibault, 2009).However, Darwin also posits trine critical principles from which many of the subsequent fundamental questions and debate over emotions and their purpose stem. The Principle of Serviceable Habits. As Hess and Thibault (2009) note, this graduation principle takes a Lamarckian view of the inheritance o f emotions genetically through the force of habits. Darwin explicitly underscores the conception and force of habit. It also speaks very more to the functionality of emotions and their expressions, although most of them are vestigial.However, these traits could in time be observed in animals because the civilization of humans would suppress such instinctual tendencies. A common example is that of rage and aggression as a playful sneer or ferocious snarl (Darwin, 1872) reveals animal descent. The Principle of Antithesis. In a reversal of the first principle, the second principle asserts that some expressions are so channelizely opposite to character that the wholly means is that of expressive communication (Darwin 1872).This makes the expression almost analogous to the voice for the purpose of intercommunication. It is deserving noting, however, the Darwin extends this principle to not only states, but to traits as well (Hess Thibault, 2009). For instance, Darwin (1872) postu lates that the enigmatic action of a gape mouth could indicate a feebleness of character. Such actions eventually become ingrained through habit. The Principle of the Direct Action of the Excited Nervous body on the Body.This final principle that Darwin outlines could be considered the direct product of the nervous system. Therefore, some expressions occur to balance excess emotions. For instance, consider the absurd nature of joke (Hess Thibault, 2009). Heckler (1873) proposed that laughter could in fact be a protective reflex that compromises the excess of the circulative and respiratory systems through the irritation of vasomotor nerves. The work of Darwin and universality thesis will later by revived in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the judgments studies of Paul Ekman.Evidence in Support of Universality Evidence derived from Judgment Studies Introduction. The universality thesis is most contingent upon judgment data, evidence of observers seeing the same emotions in all faces (Russell, 1994). Paul Ekman is largely considered to be the pioneer and preeminent apprentice in the field of emotions, and his judgment studies with overwhelming evidence supporting the universality of facial expressions are oft cited in subsequent studies on this topic.The earlier view before studies conducted by Ekman and Friesen from the late 1960s was that facial expressions completely differed from culture to culture (La Barre, 1947). With Ekman and Friesens groundbreaking work on the constancy of facial expressions passim cultures in 1971, however, the tremendous evidence has persuaded much of the psychology world to accept the universality thesis although skeptics still remain (Ekman Friesen, 1987). Pan-cultural udgment studies. Among the first of these pan-cultural judgment studies was conducted by Ekman, Sorenson, and Friesen (1969) in New dago, Borneo, Brazil, the united States, and Japan where they found evidence in favor of pan-cultural elements in facial d isplays observers in these cultures were able to recognize similar emotions in the a standard set of photographs. They first obtained samples of photographed facial expressions that were free of cultural differences.The subjects, too, were carefully selected as data infallible to be collected from or so separate preliterate societies to eliminate the variable of mass media (Ekman et al. , 1969). Photographs of Caucasiansmale and female, braggart(a) and childrenwere utilize, all of whom were professional and amateur actors. The observers observed primarily the preliterate societies from New Guinea and Borneo, two isolated communities that required translators. 1 The emotion Happy (H) was most universally recognized with tremendous accuracy in responses unify States 97 H Brazil 97 H Japan 87 H New Guinea 99 H (Pidgin) and 82 H (Fore) and Borneo 92 H. Fear (F), however, seem to generate a to a greater extent varied response between different cultures, with Surprise (SU) and Anger (A) as answers as wellUnited States 88 F Japan 71 F, 26 SU New Guinea 46 F, 31 A (Pidgin) and 54 F, 25 A (Fore) Borneo 40 F, 33 SU.There were also variations within Disgust-Contempt (D) with some mixtures of A and in the Borneo society, even H A embroild some D and F SU included F and A, which these variations occurring primarily in the isolated societies and finally, Sadness (SA) was sometimes interpreted as A, with A being the only given response in the Fore group of New Guinea. While at that place is certainly evidence for some basic universality, Ekman, Sorenson, and Friesen attributed the discrepancies to language barriers and labour unfamiliarity in the illiterate societies. Flaws and how they were subsequently addressed.Ekman and Friesen (1987) later promulgated a study in which they acknowledge some flaws of previous judgment studies. With respect to the study above, three problems that limited them are (1) there has only been one such study, (2) not all sise emotions we re accurately recognized, and (3) the facial expressions were posed as opposed to spontaneous (Ekman Friesen, 1987). In response to the inhabit criticism, Ekman and Friesen (1972) designed a study of facial expressions shown by Japanese and Americans time watching stress-inducing films of body mutilation and neutral films of natural andscape. When subjects from each of the two cultures viewed the films in the absence of a scientist with a hidden video camera, the facial expressions from both groups were virtually identical when viewing the same films in the presence of a scientist, however, the Japanese tended to mask negative expressions with smile, impart support to the presence of cultural display rules when different cultures manage and mask universal expressions.The primary criticism, however, was (1) again, there has only been one such study, and (2) the films only elicit two emotions (disgust and fear)other universal expressions were not immovable for (Ekman Friesen, 19 87). Later studies, however, involving photographs of facial expressions shown to observers of across 12 literature cultures found very high agreement by multiple researchers including Ekman, Friesen, Sorenson, and Izard (Ekman et at. , 1969 Izard, 1971).The multiple replications of this design lends to its credibility (Ekman Friesen, 1987). Universality of the recognizing intensity. Ekman and Friesen (1987) sought to get ahead extend their basic judgment studies by testing for four different hypotheses of cross-cultural agreement for (1) single-choice judgment tasks (2) the strongest emotion (3) the second strongest emotion and (4) strength of emotion. The nations that were chosen included 8 different languages from both Western and non-Western countries.In (1), the single-choice judgment task that replicated previous studies, once again, produced accurate results in terms of the percentage of subjects in a country the right way identifying with a predicted emotion. For instance , two examples include Happiness, in which the percentage ranged from 98% (Scotland) to 69% (Sumatra) for Surprise, 94% (Japan) to 78% (Sumatra), date Sadness, ranged from 92% (U. S. ) to 76% (Turkey). Overall, the delirious term chosen by the majority of the subjects in each culture was accurate 178 out of 180 times.Hypothesis (2) was also supported 177 out of 180 times, the emotion that was judged to be the most prominent by the majority of each culture was also the predicted emotion. Hypothesis (3), which predicted the universality of the lower-ranking emotion, was sustained as well in every culture, there was complete agreement astir(predicate) the collateral emotion signaled by expressions of disgust and fear. The results for sadness and surprise, however, were too infrequent to be conclusive (5 out of 30 opportunities and 8 out of 30 respectively).Further research needs to be conducted to determine the cause for this departure (Ekman Friesen, 1987). Hypothesis (4) requi red subjects to judge the intensity of emotions on an 8-point scale (1-slight, 4-moderate, 8-strong) to predict the universality of judging. This, according to Ekman and Friesen (1987) however, led to inconclusive results. Using a one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), F(54,2743)=3. 95, signifies a moderate acquaintance between culture and intensity judgments.However, instead, the six univariate tests ranged from 2. 3 in Sadness to 6. 66 in Surprise, indicating that there are significant differences among cultures in this respect. These differences, according, to Ekman and Friesen, could have 2 possibilities (1) politeness and a greater uncertainty about a foreigner or (2) the language barrier, as observers had make judgments in language other than side (Ekman Friesen, 1987). Nevertheless, with three of these hypotheses confirmed, the evidence for universal facial expressions is undeniably overwhelming despite these flaws.Evidence based on Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and Action Units Introduction. Based on the evidence for the presence of six basic emotions across cultures,happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust and surprisequalitative descriptions of facial muscles associated with each of them have been identified. For instance, happy expressions include tense lower eyelids, raised cheeks and lip corners pulled up, while sad expressions include inner eyebrows raised and gaunt together, and lip corners pulled down (Kohler et al. 2004). Based on such observations, Ekman and Friesen (1978) developed the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) by identifying the presence of action units (AU). They serve as the standard set of facial expressions. Target AUs in universal emotions. Kohler et al (2004) sought to identify which AUs characterized the four universal emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. A total of 128 images of emotional expressions were used in a sample of 105 subjects from Drexel University.Of these subjects, 63 were men and 42 were women. There were also 71 Caucasian, 9 Africa-American, 4 Hispanic/Latino, and 21 Asian-American participants, indicating ethnic diversity. They were then asked whether each facial expression matched the target emotion. FACS ratings revealed that uniquely absent and present AUs were found for each emotion (Kohler et al, 2004). In Happy, the presence of AU 6, 7, and 26 was ositively associated with happy recognition, and determined that the presence of 6 increased recognition four times in Sad, AU 4, 17, and 25 were positively while 15 was negatively associated in Anger, AU 4, 5, and 16 were positively while 23 was negatively associated2 and in Fear, AU 5, 1, and 26 were positively while 4 was negatively associated. By defining expressions quantitatively with unique muscle patterns over a diverse subject group, the universality thesis is further strengthened. The 2004 Athens Olympics Game.Psychologist David Matsmoto3 (2006) conducted a field behavioral study of the facial expressions displayed by medal winners of the judo contender during the 2004 Athens Olympics Games using F F ACS. With judo photographer Bob Willingham, they captured the spontaneous reactions of 84 medal winners from 35 different countriesthe most diverse ethnic group in a spontaneously utmost(prenominal) emotional field studyat 3 different times (1) when they completed the match, (2) when they received their medals from the dignitary, and (3) when they posed on the podium.Matsumoto (2006) found that independent of cultural backgrounds, there are very specific facial expressions that occur in emotionally-charged contexts. This study was designed in response to some criticisms of judgments studies and previous field studies conducted in other light events including bowl and soccer (Kraut Johnson, 1979 Ruiz-Belda et al. , 2003). A crucial concern about judgments studies held in laboratories is their posed stimuli and artificial nature because they lack the investigation of the e xpression within a affable context (Matsumoto, 2006).While later field studies were conducted in order to address this concern, there were three flaws that Matsumoto (2006) in turn addresses. The first two are the strength of the elicited emotional responsea factor that is not intense enough with bowling spares and strikesand the time allowed for expressions to unfold. The third and most important aspect of the study was the type of smile elicited in the social context, something that Kraut and Johnson (1979) had failed to distinguish.Matsumoto determines two types of smiles the Duchenne smile and the non-Duchenne smile the former is associated with enjoyment and the latter(prenominal) is associated with pleasantry or social convenience even though the person does not feel positive emotions. While Ruiz-Belda et al (2003) uses the FACS, which detects the muscle movements associated with these smiles, they were not differentiated. In order to isolate photos or victory, Willingham too k pictures from the fortunate and dye matches (Matsumoto, 2006), the most emotionally intense matches as they both occur at the margin the former wins the first place while the latter made the cut for a medal. Negative emotions of defeat were searched for in silver medal winners and athletes who placed fifth. Again, as aforementioned, it is important to distinguish the timing of emotions, as the first expressions upon completing a match are oft the most instinctual and natural ones.Thirteen out of 14 gold medalists and 18 out of 16 bronze medalists smiled for a total of 31 smiles of those 31 smiles, 29 were Duchenne and 24 were open-mouthed. In the defeat silver medalists, no(prenominal) smiled and 1 of the 26 fifth placers smiled. Instead, 43% of silver medalists and 35% of fifth placers showed sadness, 29% and 23% showed vigor (respectively), and 14% and 15% showed contempt (again, respectively). Upon receiving the medal, which is a much more public event than initial express ions, 54 of the 56 athletes smiled.All 14 gold medalists (12 open-mouthed), 6 silver medalists (out of the 14), and 20 bronze medalists (out of 28) had Duchenne smiles. Cultural differences were well-tried for, but none were found. In the final situation, the most public of the three, the athletes expressions were taken on the podium. Again, all the gold medalists smiled only 9 silver medalists of the 14 smiled (only 5 of these were uncontrolled, of which 3 were controlled Duchenne) and 26 bronze medalists of the 28 smiled (13 of which were open-mouthed and Duchenne).interestingly in this last scenario, cultural differences was evident gold and bronze medalists from North America-Western Europe and East Asia were much more prone to displaying Duchenne smiles (96%) as opposed to gold and bronze medalists from other countries (47%). This study of facial expressions further reinforces the notion of universal emotions. Because no other emotion other than the Duchenne smile was prominen t in these expressions of victory, the data suggests that it may be the only facial marker of the joy of victory (Matsumoto, 2006).Matsumoto then proposed an evolutionary basis why this may be the case along the lines of behavioral ecology facial expressions provide quick means of communication, and it may not have been absolutely adaptively necessary to communicate various emotions of enjoyment. However, while this last point is highly speculative, the data that Matsumoto provides for universal facial expressions, which were displayed most prominently in more privy settings but still detectable in more public ones using FACS, is very thorough and convincing.

Hubspot Case Essay Example for Free

Hubspot Case EssayThe problem in this case is that Hubspot infallible to make a transition from its initial start-up structure (organizational structure, target customers and pricing strategy) in order grow, and the dilemma was how to best approach this neuter. Hubspot faced three main issues for this a) identify target customers, b) modify their pricing pose and c) how to develop the growth strategy.Hubspot was good at building a community, e.g. over 300000 unique visitor in 2008, and thousands of freeware subscriptions in 2009. Nonetheless they had a diverse universe of customers, from small business owners (Ollies) to trade professionals (Marys), different lineament of business ranging B2B or B2C, and size (over or under 25 employees). Table C shows there was a potential market evenly distributed among B2B and B2C. For Hubsport, the decision to identify a target customer was difficult. This is seen when contrasting exhibits 6 where 73% of customers were Ollies and exhib it 5 which indicated that Marys accounted for 68% of new customers from Sep-Dec 2008. Although the B2B customers were important for Ollies and Marys, there was an interesting growth of Marys in B2C. Thus a segmentation of customer was required to better assess their different needs.At the give notice of 2008, Hubspotss products responded to the main two customers (Ollies and Marys), still its pricing mannequin was similar for both, where Marys paid a slenderly higher periodic amount as its software package included more(prenominal) features (exhibit 7). This was something Hubspot needed to go bad as Ollie and Marys had various pros and cons as customers. Ollies represented a lower cost to acquire ($1000) and where contiguous to press in, but cancel subscription early, while Marys cost more to acquire ($5000) and took all-night to sign in, by stayed for longer using the product. Assuming no churn rate an Ollie had to maintain subscription for 2 months and Marys had to mainta in subscription for 9 months, to remuneration off their acquiring cost. The previousscenario meant that HubSpots 2008 projections including the 100 paying customers from 2007 make the current pricing model not viable to support the high cost of Marys (see appendix 1).Another issued faced was the Hubsport was still a small company, seen in that it only had few engineers to build the software therefore it was hard to catch up with the sales team. Thus the product vs customer vs pricing situation presented an optimization and planning issue to watch the company growing.The previous two points require a growth strategy. At the aforementioned(prenominal) time it made the owners question their vision, i.e. to incoming or outbound. The strategy for growth had to clarify which customer to target, how to roll-out the respective products, whether to keep it a SaaS, and the transition into a new pricing structure to maintain current customer and capture more value from new ones.The objecti ve of our proposed solutions is to keep Hubspot as the software-to-have for inward marketing and grow financially from a start-up to an established business. For this we set out the following actionsHubspots culture and vision should be maintained. Web 2.0 is act evolving as more businesses are using the various channels and HubSpot can differentiate itself as the inbound marketing which weighs more than outbound marketing (inbound represents 37% marketing budget while outbound 30%). HubSpot has the expertise to create traffic and analyze and qualify leads filling the respective withdraw of Ollies and Marys. At the same time we differentiate from our two main competitors by proving a lower set (Eloqua is more expensive) and cogitate on inbound marketing (Marketo is a mix of inbound and outbound). Our conclusions are founded by overlaying HubSpots emulous field (exhibit 3) with customers needs a) traffic creation and b) leads analysis and qualifications, in line with HubSpots ma in strengths, as seen in appendix 2. Thus the company should not consider outbound as an alternative.As showed in appendix 4, our two segmented customers have showed different needs in terms of product features and expending behavior. Based on the current churn out rate, we can estimate consumer emotional statetime value of Ollies is $4,750 and Marys $10,500 (see enumeration in appendix 3). Therefore, according to our segmentation strategy, we propose following product bundles by differentiating product price and product features 1) Product pricingAs Ollies have a shorter customer life and less marketing budget, we suggest keeping current up-front fee and a lower monthly fee. As suggestion, up-front $500 and monthly fee in the range of $150 to $250. As Marys have a longer customer life and lower price sensitivity we suggest increasing both up-front and monthly fee. As suggestion up-front $600 and monthly fee in the range of $600 to $750. Meanwhile, Marys are interested in deeper analytics, we suggest additional fee for from each one service of deeper analytics. As CMS system helps lower churn rate, we suggest initial fee of $300 back 6 hours consulting to encourage both of them to use such service. 2) Product featuresAs Ollies prefer quick and primary solutions, we suggest tailor-made product focusing on generating leads. As Marys have a high demand of analytics, we suggest tailor-made product with more sophisticated tools to meet the needs of deeper analytics. As frequent log in helps lower churn rate, we suggest to provide service update on a regular cornerstone to encourage a continuous use of our service.After clearly identifying the segmentation of consumer and differentiation of products, we need construe market-centered organizations that are capable of translating strategy into actions1) EngineeringTo invest on product development and innovation to perpetually provide with relevant service to enhance our competitive advantage of generating lea ds as well as analytics. 2) gross sales forceTo divide sales force to separately serve Maryer Ollies by providing Maryer with long-term, more sophisticated support, providing Ollies with quick simple service.3) MarketingTo continue make a buzz for inbound marketing to create inbound marketing community rather than a simple businessFinally the strategy has to be tenuous to our current customers, Appendix 5 indicates a tentative layout of the plan. Starting with the internal reorganization, then gradually change the product offering for consumers.

Non-Verbal Communications Essay Example for Free

Non-Verbal Communications experimentNon-verbal discourse can be summed up as speaking without words. It includes body language, posture, gestures, facial expression and mettle contact. Furthermore, this style of communication includes physical appearance, for example what you are wearing or the hair style you choose. in time the way in which people speak contains non-verbal cues. These cues include the t hotshot and emotion behind verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is a very important aspect of communicating effectively and is something that we encounter every day in many divers(prenominal) contexts. PurposeThe purpose of this institution is to illustrate the importance of non-verbal communication. The unveiling allow for rationalize the role that non-verbal communication plays in every day conversations, root word work, and place of employment. It provide draw management to the atmospheres created by this type of communication as well as draw the negati ve and positive aspects. settingWe testament begin by defining non-verbal communication and provide a variety of examples of the different aspects of the topic. From in that location, we pull up stakes identify the principles of non-verbal communication. These principles explain the effects of what non-verbal communication really is. Next, a description of the different types of non-verbal communication will be presented along with an explanation of their meaning. Furthermore, we will identify how different cultures use non-verbal communication around the world. The decisiveness will involve a summary of non-verbal communication, a reinforcement of its importance, and an implication for its future use. OutcomeThe main outcome of our presentation is to educate the audience on how to recognize non-verbal cues from others. If non-verbal cues are recognized it is easier to identify if there is a problem with the communication, understanding of the communication and perhaps more imp ortantly how the other/others feel well-nigh the communication. As we learn to recognize these traits in others, it will leave it easier for each one of us to identify and correct the behaviours within ourselves. This is perhaps one of the important outcomes we would like to achieve as it will make each of us conscious of our own actions to ensure a positive communication level to everyone two business and personal. It is also important to note that non-verbal communications are both positive and negative, and to know the difference. along with this idea is also, the importance of know some critically cultural differences that are observed especially in the business world. Roles that Members playedAs a root word, we met on two occasions to discuss the project. We divided the different sections of the presentation, individually formulated ideas, and past came together as a group to share ideas. Our decisions were finalized after the group discourse.During our presentation there will be an opportunity for each member to discuss the topic at hand. To present each topic we will make use of a power point presentation for a visual reinforcement to our statements. During the next week we will be meeting to create our presentation in order for a smooth, confident, and accurate delivery. regularity of DeliveryWe have three main areas of discussion 1) The Introduction of the group and topic as well as identifying the outcome. These areas will be handled by one person. This small-arm of the presentation has to be able to get the audience motivated and engaged for the rest of the presentation. 2) The unquestionable presentation of our topic will be handled by two people. This part will be the instruction of the presentation as it will be the information stage. Providing insight and knowledge to the audience. 3) Conclusion of the presentation. This is an integral part of the presentation because it brings not only the presentation together it is generally what the audience will remember the most. Method of handling Q AWe are going to ask the audience to hold all questions until the end of the presentation. This will give presenters an opportunity to present all the information to avoid questions that may be answered in the latter(prenominal) of the presentation. We will ensure that a considerable amount of time will be allotted for questions and answers. Upon be asked a question, any group member will be able to answer however, other group members will be able to respectfully interject to provide additional informationMethod of conclude the Presentation The conclusion will involve a summary of the presentation as well as suggestions for future implications. Pictures to reinforce the positive and negative non-verbal attitudes will be provided to enhance our presentation. This will be through with(p) to encourage interaction between the presenters and the audience. Examples of both positive and negative non-verbal attitudes will be provide d. Questions will then be asked of the audience to provide the type of non-verbal communication the visual aid is portraying. Obtaining interaction from the audience will give a good summarization to the presentation.

The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company L.L.C. Essay Example for Free

The Ritz-Carlton Hotel smart set L.L.C. EssayThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel family L.L.C is known in the hotel industry as the king of hoteliers. It is best known for its emblematical and extraordinary operate.The principles behind its overhaul argon largely driven by the legacy of Ceaser Ritz, whose philosophy of assistance and innovations redefined the standards of service, dining and facilities for luxury in a hotel. In order to maintain its positioning in the market, the fellowship has strived to enhance its core competencies and preventing them from becoming rigidities. The report aims to outline and illustrate how the Ritz-Carlton has used and could adopt Human Resources counsel strategy to propel it to a high level in the industry.BACKGROUND AND ESSENCE OF SERVICEThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company L.L.C is a leader in the hotel and hospitality industry that specializes in the development and operation of luxury hotels for others. It currently has operations in the three ma jor regions Asia/Pacific, Europe/Middle East and the Americans and Caribbean. (see Exhibit 1)To mean solar day the company is illustrious for its exemplary and extraordinary service and painstaking attention to detail The key driver of it success was the legacy of Ceaser Ritz, whose philosophy of service and innovations redefined the standards of service, dining and facilities for luxury in a hotel setting endured long after his decease through his son Charles Ritz, who was an active board member of The Ritz-Carlton until his death in 1977.As one would extend the measure of the satisfaction derived from personalization available is tot wholey in the control of the clients. The Ritz-Carlton group realized this long m ago and has since developed an aggressive and proactive approach to innovation of it delivering of services to consonantly exceed the expectations of the guests. As a result, the company has received all the major awards the hospitality industry and leading consumer organizations can bestowThus in order to maintain its positioning in the market, the company has strived to enhance its core competencies and preventing them from becoming rigidities by everlastinglyrefining its subroutinees to ensure sustainability and proactive evolution of it values and standards of service. The companys guiding principles are embodied in the halcyon Standards which encompass the values and philosophy by which it operates. They provide a guideline for the operational management of the hotels.Actions interpreted by Ritz-Carlton for the fulfilment of these standards include Total theatrical role Management (TQM) philosophy that permeates the organization, customized programs, establishment of Service Quality Indicators (SQIs) and Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives. However the heavy emphasis on human resources is probably the approximately critical component of it strategy. It based on the four aspects of Human Resources Management1.Planning2.Recrui tment3.Development4.Review and appraisalRitz-Carltons main product is guest look that is personalize and beyond expectation.JOINING THE RITZ-CARLTON TEAMThe shibboleth at Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C. is, We are Ladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen. This motto exemplifies the anticipatory service provided by all staff members for which they receive a 7 day predilection starting on their first day at work.Ritz-Carlton completely integrates human resources and operations. Here the human resources and operations work together to select, orient, train and certify employees. They also ensure that the employees are highly empowered and confront deeply involved in running the business.During these first seven days, employees are trained and sensitized on the key competencies required and the applicable ground rules to successfully perform their duties. Emphasis is put on sagacity and embracing the sumptuousen standards and any other factors that would affect the sa tisfaction of the guests with the services provided to them by the hotel.The seven days programme aims at fundamentally altering the employees behaviour by adapting to the standard required by the company in order to achieve their business strategy as well as creating a memorable event.Ritz-Carlton believes that employees have to feel responsible for customer satisfaction, participate in developing the companys vision, strategies and fancys, ultimately becoming a part of the Ritz-Carlton mystiqueTo lengthen the homework days before hotel hypothesisAt the end of it, all the freshly hired employees are expected to understand and easily apply the company standards which include problem solving, detailed grooming, housekeeping and safety.Ritz-Carlton believes that lonesome(prenominal) the finest ladies and gentlemen can maintain the companys distinguished gold Standards. Therefore it puts a lot of emphasis on the survival of the first class candidates for its staffing requirements and it follows a Quality Selection Process (QSP) that involves conducting research with employees, customizing interviews, identification of candidates who are or so likely to be the best performers in specific roles.Ritz-Carlton pays a lot of attention to the tracking and judge of employees performance, reviewing and improving systems and mathematical functions based on internal and external analysis. Then the first class selected candidates follow an current training program that is as much part of the company Gold Standard target.In the hospitality industry, most of the hotels have a soft opening and a real operation starts after a few weeks but it is different in Ritz-Carlton hotels. Ritz-Carlton aims to have everything right when the door opens to the first customers.The seven day countdown process is not just a training line of products for the candidates. It is actually a Ritz-Carlton standard procedure set before opening a new property. The first two days are the prefe rence days and the candidates become certified by attending a five days training course which runs by the prepared employee trainers.I believe James McBride should not expand the seven day countdown process as it will increase the cost of the hotel at it will postponed the openingdays. The seven day countdown is a standard procedure which has been used in many Ritz-carton hotels and it worked properly in the other hotels.HOTEL OPENING helpThe Seven Day Countdown process was recognized as Ritz-Carltons best practice. However, this process was challenged by Collin, who represents Millennium Partners. The key challenge comes in two foldsFirst, can Ritz-Carlton open at higher tenancy rate (i.e. higher than 50% during the first month)?Second, can Ritz-Carlton reach to 80% of occupation rate in a shorter sum total of time (i.e. instead of 3-4 months)?Collin questioned that 7 days may limit to reach these targets (i.e. higher open moving in rate and shorter time to reach 80% occupancy rate). It is difficult to acknowledge whether or not 7 days is the limiting factor to achieve the target.Perhaps, it is more pragmatic to carry out research to account the root causes that contribute to these effects, instead of changing the best practice without considering the various repercussions (e.g. cost, reputation, organization process win over etc.). The consequences of changing the current best recipe may alter the business result, hence, impact the bottom, if not cautiously plan and execute.Lets summarize the key activities of each days in Seven Days CountdownDay 1 penchantDay 2 Departmental VisionDay 3 4 Technical training Handling Guest DifficultiesDay 5 7 Technical trainingSome areas of enlisting and selection can be further streamlined, e.g. a 2 days job fair can be reduced to 1 day, by changing some of the recruitment process, e.g. offer online registration, pre-interview online screening process. Besides, to realize the service quality, the HRP (Human Resou rce Planning) needs to closely integrate with the organizational strategy, i.e. the guess of occupancy rate, the time of recruitment and selection, training and development etc.To meet the targets as above-mentioned, it is paramount to plan in feed-forward approach, i.e. to set target of above 50% in first month, and to reach 80% occupancy rate in, say, 2 months. The HRP and marketing teamneeds to work hand on hand to receive the supply and demand, of both customers and workforce sides. The HRP talent forecast the headcount needs to match the higher occupancy rate, e.g. in forecasting workforce number, by the deployment of both quantitative and qualitative methods.Besides, the demographic of the location and employees mobility might be the important factors to consider in this planning and execution process, e.g. the availability of skill-set in particular location. both constraints in the availability of skill-sets may restrict the capabilities to match to the target sets. To e nhance the training and achieve consistent quality of Ritz-Carlton, it is also possible to relocate the existing workforce from another location to the newly opening Ritz-Carlton, this will increase the quality and flawless in services.To achieve higher level of quality service and to reach to the higher occupancy rate in opening and subsequent months, the HRP may integrate the ago experience of opening new hotels into current training session for employees. For example, the issues encountered in the past, from the very beginning stage, such as recruitment and selection, retention, to 7 days countdown of employees training, can be documented, and integrate in HRIS (Human Resource breeding System), and translate into a practical case study, and to be used in the 7 days countdown process, as real case study will shorten the learning curve and stimulate learning process.Besides, to meet quality level, and foster learning, it is paramount to maintain high retention during the period from selection, and job offering to 7 days countdown. This can be achieved through the current best practice (Exhibit 9), and also, providing employees the self-training material, such as CD, booklet, online training web portal.ConclusionIn a nutshell, Ritz-Carlton is selling experience, not selling hotel rooms, as such, to maintain the gold standard, it is important to embed the culture prior to full-occupancy level. Besides, the true nature of hotel business is about service, and more importantly, service business is perishable (not inventories), and intangibility, both the hotel artefacts, and also services, will influence the customers experience.Reference list1.Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company Wikipedia cyclopedia (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritz-Carlton_Hotel_Company)2.http//www.quality.nist.gov/PDF_files/RCHC_Application_Summary.pdf3.More details can be found at (http//www.ritzcarlton.com/corporate/about_us/gold_standards.asp).4.Harvard business School case study5.Ritz-Carltons G old Standard Service (http//www.epmsonline.com)Appendix1The Golden Standards SummaryThe CredoThe Ritz-Carlton Hotel is a place where the genuine care and comfort of our guests is our highest mission. We fuddle to provide the finest personal service and facilities for our guests who will always enjoy a warm, relaxed, yet refined ambience. The Ritz-Carlton experience enlivens the senses, instils well-being, and fulfils even the unexpressed wishes and needs of our guests.MottoAt The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C., We are Ladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen. This motto exemplifies the anticipatory service provided by all staff members.Three Steps Of ServiceA warm and sincere greeting. Use the guests name. Anticipation and fulfilment of each guests needs. cranky farewell. Give a warm good-bye and use the guests name.Service ValuesI Am uplifted To Be Ritz-Carlton I build strong relationships and make out Ritz-Carlton guests for life I am always antiphonal to the ex pressed and unexpressed wishes and needs of our guests I am empowered to create unique, memorable and personal experiences for our guests I understand my role in achieving the Key Success Factors, embracing Community Footprints and creating The Ritz-Carlton Mystique I continuously prove opportunities to innovate and improve The Ritz-Carlton experience I own and immediately resolve guest problems I create a work environment of teamwork and lateral service so that the needs of our guests and each other are met I have the opportunity to continuously learn and grow I am involved in the planning of the work that affects me I am proud of my professional appearance, language and behavior I cheer the privacy and security of ourguests, my fellow employees and the companys confidential information and assets I am responsible for uncompromising levels of cleanliness and creating a safe and accident-free environment.The 6th DiamondMystique Emotional Engagement FunctionalThe Employee PromiseAt The Ritz-Carlton, our Ladies and Gentlemen are the most important resource in our service commitment to our guests. By applying the principles of trust, honesty, respect, integrity and commitment, we nurture and maximize talent to the benefit of each man-to-man and the company. The Ritz-Carlton fosters a work environment where diversity is valued, quality of life is enhanced, individual aspirations are fulfilled, and The Ritz-Carlton Mystique is strengthened.